福建省2020年人感染布鲁氏菌病疫情特征及血清学监测结果分析

Epidemiological characteristics and serological surveillance of human brucellosis in Fujian Province in 2020

目的分析福建省人间布鲁氏菌病(布病)疫情,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法根据国家疾控信息系统中2020年福建省人感染布病数据,用描述性流行病学方法进行流行特征分析,对布病重点地区开展血清学监测并汇总分析。结果福建省2020年共报告布病110例,年发病率0.28/10万,波及福建省49个县区(55.7%),呈高度散发态势;发病率前3位是三明市(0.81/10万)、龙岩市(0.57/10万)和南平市(0.37/10万);发病高峰为4~8月;45~64岁组发病数占59.1%,55~59岁组发病率最高(0.74/10万);病例数性别比为1.3∶1;农牧民占48.2%;2020年在福建省5个设区市8个监测点共检测布病高危人群血清标本986份,阳性15份(SAT法),阳性率1.5%;屠宰工和制品加工销售阳性率较高,但各职业间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.78,P>0.05);在哨点医院开展主动搜索,人群检测血清阳性率2.3%(7/301)。结论福建省布病防控形势严峻,应继续坚持联防联控机制,完善防控措施,尤其对高发地区的重点人群采取必要的防控措施,提高监测能力与范围,以控制流行。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Fujian province,and provide scientific evidences for developing prevention and control strategies against brucellosis.Methods The data of brucellosis cases in 2020 were extracted from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiology method.Serological surveillance and summary analysis were conducted in key regions of brucellosis.Results In 2020,a total of 110 cases of brucellosis were reported in Fujian province with an annual incidence of 0.28/10^(5),expanding 49 counties/districts(55.7%)via a high sporadical tendency.Regions with top three high incidence rates were Sanming city(0.81/10^(5)),Longyan city(0.57/10^(5)),and Nanping city(0.37/10^(5)).The peak of brucellosis occurred during April and August.Age group of 45-64 years accounted to 59.1%of total cases,while age group of 55-59 years had the highest incidence rate(0.74/10^(5)).The gender ratio of incidence rate was 1.3∶1,and farmers and herdsmens accounted to 48.2%of total cases.Among the total 986 serum samples collected from eight surveillance sites in five districts in 2020,15 samples(positive rate 1.5%)were tested positive based on SAT method.Although butchers and meat production sellers had the highest positive rate,no statistically significant differences were found between different occupations(χ^(2)=7.78,P>0.05).Active searching was conducted in sentinel hospitals,and the serum positive rate was estimated as 2.3%(7/301).Conclusion The prevention and control situation of brucellosis is still grim in Fujian province,urging the necessity of joint prevention and control strategies among multiple departments.It is important to improve prevention and control strategies,and to enhance monitoring ability and range,especially for the high-risk populations in those key regions in order to control the epidemic.