酰胺与酰亚胺类n型有机半导体材料的研究进展

Research Progress in n-type Organic Semiconducting Materials Based on Amides or Imides

有机半导体材料具有来源丰富、化学结构可裁剪、柔韧性较高、器件制备温度低和塑料衬底兼容性好等优点,极大地拓展了电子器件的功能与应用.然而,电子传输型(n型)有机半导体在分子多样性、载流子迁移率和空气稳定性方面远远落后于空穴传输型(p型)半导体,从而阻碍了双极晶体管、p-n结和有机互补电路的发展.酰胺或酰亚胺功能化能显著提高有机材料的电子亲和势,是构建高性能n型有机半导体的重要策略.本综述总结了近年来萘二酰亚胺类、苝二酰亚胺类、吡咯并吡咯二酮类、异靛蓝类和其他酰胺/酰亚胺类小分子和聚合物n型有机半导体材料的研究进展,从分子设计角度出发,深入讨论了分子结构如何改变分子前线轨道能级、分子间相互作用力、聚集态结构、器件稳定性和电学性能,最后对其未来的发展方向和面临的挑战进行了展望.

The organic semiconducting materials feature various sources,tailorable chemical structures,low-temperature device fabrication and good compatibility with plastic substrates,largely expanding the functions and applications of electronic devices.However,electron-transporting(n-type)organic semiconductors lag far behind their hole-transporting(p-type)counterpart in terms of molecular diversity,carrier mobility as well as air stability,preventing the development in the ambipolar transistors,p-n junctions and organic complementary circuits.Amidation and imidization of aromatic systems can enhance electron affinity values significantly,thus opening up the possibility to achieve high-performance n-type organic semiconductors.The recent research progress in n-type organic small-molecule and polymeric semiconducting materials including naphthalene diimides,perylene diimides,diketopyrrolopyrroles,isoindigos and other amide/imide derivatives is summarized in this review.From the viewpoint of molecular design,we deeply discuss how the molecular structures alter molecular frontier orbital levels,intermolecular forces,aggregation structures,device stability and electrical characteristics.Finally,we address several key points for further exploration in this field.