氢氧发动机喷管制造技术发展

Review on Fabrication Techniques of Liquid Rocket Nozzle

以氢氧发动机喷管为主,综合分析了国外氢氧发动机喷管制造技术发展现状,包括美国SSME发动机、日本LE-7发动机的纵向管束式、欧洲航天局"火神"1/"火神"2发动机的螺旋管束式、以及俄罗斯RD-0120发动机等的铣槽式,单壁结构的喷管结构简单,在氢氧发动机上也有应用。最后介绍了正在研究的火箭喷管快速制造技术,如内衬成形的同轴送粉激光沉积增材制造技术和电弧熔丝增材制造,加工冷却通道的磨料水射流铣削技术,以及用于封合冷却通道的激光熔丝技术等。

Based on the nozzles of LH2/LOX engine,this paper comprehensively analyzes the current situation of manufacturing technologies of LH2/LOX engine nozzles abroad,including the conical tubes of SSME in America,LE-7 engine in Japan,the tubes spiral wounded of Vulcain 1/Vulcain 2 engine in the European Space Agency,and the sandwich structure of RD-0120 in Russia.The single-wall nozzle is simple in structure and is also used in LH2/LOX engines.In the end,the rapid fabrication techniques of the nozzles are introduced,such as Direct Metal Deposition(DMD)and Arc-Directed Energy Deposition(Arc-DED)of liner forming,Water Jet Milling(WJT)of channel slotting,and Freeform Deposition of channel closeout.