长三角创新要素、配置效率与创新绩效

Innovation Elements,Allocation Efficiency and the Performance of Innovation in the Yangtze River Delta Region

如何改善创新要素投入及其配置效率是提高技术创新绩效的关键问题。考虑技术进步动态条件下,采用超越对数生产函数对2000-2017年期间长三角地区的技术创新要素及其配置效率进行了测量和分析。研究结果显示:(1)科技人力资本对长三角技术创新的产出弹性大于R&D费用,但对技术创新的年均贡献率不足。(2)2000年以来长三角创新要素的偏向性技术进步率处于逐年递增趋势,科技人力资本和R&D费用的配置效率得到了较大程度的改善和提高,显著提高了长三角的技术创新绩效。(3)长三角技术创新选择偏向于科技人力资本,科技人力资本对技术创新更具有决定性意义。同时,技术创新对科技人力资本的选择偏向性处于下降趋势,技术创新在二者的选择偏向渐趋于中性,创新要素配置效率对技术创新发挥越来越重要的作用。(4)长三角科技人力资本对R&D费用的替代弹性大于0,趋向于1,越来越富于弹性,创新要素投入比例与技术进步相匹配,创新要素投入组合方式使长三角技术创新处于有效经济区间。长三角需要提高科技人员数量和素质,进一步优化创新要素配置效率,提高技术创新绩效,驱动长三角高质量发展。

How to improve the input of innovation factors and the efficiency of their allocation is the key issue for improving the performance of technological innovation.Considering the dynamic conditions of technological progress,the translog production function is used to measure and analyze the technological innovation factors and their allocation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2000 to 2017.Research results indicate that:(1)The output elasticity of human capital in the science and technology to the technological innovation in the Yangtze River Delta region is greater than the R&D funds,but the annual contribution rate to technological innovation is insufficient;(2)Since 2000,the biased technological progress rate of the innovation factors in the Yangtze River Delta region has been increasing year by year,and the allocation efficiency of human capital in the science and technology and of R&D funds has been improved to a large extent,significantly improving the technological innovation performance in the Yangtze River Delta region.(3)The choice of technological innovation in the Yangtze River Delta is biased towards human capital in the science and technology,which is more decisive for technological innovation.At the sametime,technological innovation has a downward trend in the selection bias of human capital in the science and technology.Technological innovation has become more neutral in the choice of the two innovation factors.An increasingly important role in technological innovation is played by the efficiency of innovation factor allocation.(4)The substitution elasticity of R&D funds for human capital in the science and technology is greater than 0,tending to 1,and becoming more and more flexible in the Yangtze River Delta region.The proportion of investment in innovation factors is matched with technological progress.The combinations of innovation factors inputs make the technological innovation of the Yangtze River Delta in an effective economic range.Improving the number and quality of scientific and technological personnel and further optimizing the efficiency of innovation factor allocation are necessary in order to improve the performance of technological innovation to drive high quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region.