团队虚拟性的测量维度与研究现状

Measurenent Dimensions and Research Status of Team Virtualization

数智环境下,许多团队具有不同程度的虚拟性特征,如时空分散、技术依赖,影响数字化团队的信息分享和社会过程。已有研究分析了虚拟性单个维度的作用,缺乏各维度之间关系的综合研究,因而,在虚拟性对绩效的影响研究中,常常得出矛盾不一的结论。本文基于团队虚拟性的内涵发展过程,整理出多个虚拟性维度,用单一维度排除法保留了空间分散、时间异步、工具虚拟、感知虚拟四个维度,前三个为客观虚拟性,感知虚拟为主观虚拟性,包括信息赤字感和距离感;本文分析整合了虚拟性四个维度的测量指标工具,为后续实证研究提供基础。本文基于团队IMOI过程理论,梳理出以“感知虚拟性”为核心过程的综合研究模型,揭示了客观虚拟性、团队阶段、沟通、工作设计、熟悉度影响信息分享、共享目标、认同、信任,产生不同程度的感知虚拟性,进而影响绩效和满意度的完整过程。本文对团队虚拟性前因后果的研究和测量工具的分析,有利于数字化团队虚拟性的管理开发和研究工作。未来亟须对虚拟性各维度关系的综合模型进行实证研究和动态研究,完善感知虚拟性的量表。

In digital times,Virtuality,which includes several dimensions such as temporal-spacial dispersion and technological dependence etc.,is the universal character of teams,influencing team performance by effecting information sharing and social process.Previous research only focused on effects of a single dimension,because of the lack of integrated research model about all dimensions,they often drew contradietory conclusions.This paper analyzes the developing process of the concept of virtuality,summarizes all dimensions of virtuality,then reserves four dimensions by using single dimension which can decide if it's virtual team alone,the four dimensions are spatial dispersion,temporal asynchronization,technology tool virtuality,perceived team virtuality,the first ones are objective virtuality,the last one is subjective virtuality which includes collectively-experienced information deficits and collectively-experienced distance.Then we analyzes the measuring tools and indexes of the four dimensions of vituality,comparing their characters and applicability,in order to give the basis for following empirical research.Based on the sense-making theory and team's IMOI model,we supply a comprehensive model for the relationship between objctive and subjective virtuality,revealing the efects of team stages and objective virtuality together on the performance through information sharing,common goals,idenification,trust such mediating variables.This paper supplics a whole framework for team virtulity,in favour of the management and development of virtuality of digital teams.In future,we should do empirical and dynamic research,develop the scale of perceived virtuality.