“三会一层”企业治理结构反思——兼论党组织内嵌到公司治理结构的创新性

Rethinking the“Three Meetings and One Management”Corporate Governance Structure--Also Discussing the Reasonableness of the Party Organization Becoming the Main Body of Corporate Internal Governance

由于长期占据主流地位的“三会一层”公司治理结构在实践中频频引发系列治理低效问题,对“三会一层”进行反思成为公司治理领域的研究热点之一。习近平总书记提出建立“中国特色现代国有企业制度”,强调“把企业党组织内嵌到公司治理结构之中”,这一重要论述在公司治理史上具有原创性贡献。为更深刻把握这一重要论述的学理内涵,需要从马克思主义政治经济学视角对“三会一层”进行反思:从历史发展看,“三会一层”形成和运用有其独特历史条件,不能机械将“三会一层”奉为圭臬;从理论假设看,“三会一层”的理论假设是“理性经济人”,由于缺乏对各主体“社会形式”和“社会关系”关照,导致实践中极易出现问题,应当以“利己利他双性经济人”的理论假设思考公司治理;从实践层面看,对“三会一层”进行基于现实实践的变革往往能够提升公司治理效能。

From the perspective of the historical evolution of corporate governance structure,the formation and spread of the“three meetings and one management”governance structure is closely linked to the expansion of Western capitalist interest groups.The seeming structural design of checks and balances is only an external illusion,while there are other forces to play a practical governance role in the operation of enterprises.From the theory“egoistic and altruistic economic person”,the“three meetings and one management”lacks attention to the real contradictions of governance caused by human activities in the reality of the operation.And Governance problems such as insider control caused by the existence of social factors are obstacles to enterprise development.From the perspective of corporate governance practice,the greater the changes to the“three meetings and one management”,the higher the effectiveness of corporate governance.China’s state-owned enterprises should adhere to the Party’s leadership,strengthen the Party’s construction,give full play to the Party’s governance role,promote high-quality development of enterprises,then form a new form of corporate governance civilization,and contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to humanity.