劳动力再生产:空间变化与活劳动因素的作用

Labor Reproduction:Spatial Change and the Role of Living Labor

空间因素和活劳动因素对于劳动力再生产的个性化趋势、劳动力再生产方式加速变化以及生育率过低问题有较强解释力,对于研究社会主义劳动力再生产问题也有较好启示作用。传统上,劳动力再生产理论并不包含这两种因素,要创新和发展劳动力再生产力理论,增加解释力,空间因素与活劳动因素需得到理论界的高度重视。从空间因素看,在资本主义条件下,家庭已成为劳动力短期再生产的重要空间并呈现商品化特点;学校已成为最主要的劳动力成长空间并呈现虚伪化特点;企业已成为劳动力生产—消费双重空间并呈现隐形控制性特点;国家已成为劳动力长期再生产的空间并呈现福利化特点。从活劳动的因素看,劳动力的生产不止来自生存资料、发展资料等“死劳动”的转移,也来自家庭培养、自我培养、社会培养等活劳动因素的投入。家务活劳动“既能供给自己又能供给家人”,自我活劳动能增加自身劳动力价值,教育和培训中活劳动的“复制粘贴”作用也不容忽视。

The space and the living labor have strong explanatory power for the personalization trend of labor reproduction,the accelerated changes in labor reproduction methods,and the problem of low fertility and also have a good enlightenment for the socialist labor reproduction.The traditional theory of labor force reproduction does not contain the two factors.In order to innovate and develop the theory and increase its explanatory power,the space and the active labor factors need to be highly valued.From the perspective of spatial factor,under the capitalist conditions,the families has become an important space for short-term reproduction of labor force and presents the characteristics of commercialization;the schools have become the most important space for the growth of labor force and show the characteristics of hypocrisy;the enterprises have become the double space of labor production and consumption and show the characteristics of invisible control;and the country has become the space for long-term reproduction of labor force and presents the characteristics of welfare.the perspective of living labor,the production of labor comes not only from the transfer of“dead labor”such as subsistence and development materials,but also from the input of living labor such as family cultivation,self-cultivation and social cultivation.The home living labor can provide for the whole families,the self-living labor can increase their own value of labor force,and the copy and paste role of living labor of education and training cannot be ignored.