回归马克思的生产价格方程——价值转形理论的一个跨时期模型构建

Return to Marx’s Production Price Equation——Building a Cross-period Model of Value Transformation Theory

自20世纪初以来,国内外学者从不同维度对价值转形问题展开了深入研究,提出了各种解法,为价值转形研究做出了巨大的贡献,也推动了马克思劳动价值论的创新与发展。虽然价值转形研究已有近百年的历史,但是学术界在价值转形问题上仍然存在很大争议。文章在梳理价值转形问题相关研究成果的基础上,回归马克思的生产价格方程,把马克思的5部门模型推广到投入与产出相联系的n部门,并进一步从跨时期角度分析价值转形问题,尝试建立价值转形的一个新模型。通过模型的构建与分析,文章认为:在多部门、跨时期情形下,生产价格是一个不断变化的过程,上一期的生产价格决定当期的成本价格,并且在每一时期生产价格总量都等于价值总量、平均利润总量都等于剩余价值总量,即“两个总量相等”的规律成立。

Since the beginning of the 20th century,scholars have conducted in-depth studies on the value transformation problem from different dimensions and proposed various solutions,which made great contributions to the study and promoted the innovation and development of Marx’s labor theory of value.Although the research on value transformation has a history of nearly 100 years,there is still a great controversy in the academic field.On the basis of sorting out the relevant research results of the value transformation,this paper returns to Marx’s production price equation and extends Marx’s five-sector model to departments related to input and output.Furthermore,this paper analyzes the value transformation from the perspective of cross-period and tries to establish a new model of value transformation.Based on the construction and analysis of the model,this paper argues that in many departments across time situation,the production is a process of constantly changing prices,the production price of the previous period determines the cost price of the current period.The law of the“two equals the total”is workable,total production price in each period is equal to the total value,and total average profit is equal to the amount of surplus value.