基于《资本论》及手稿的国际价值规律和当代启示

The Law of International Value and Contemporary Enlightenment Based on Das Kapital and Its Manuscr

面对复杂的国际经济关系和日益扩大的贫富两极分化,有必要加强国际价值的基本理论研究和指导。国际价值规律主要有两个构件,分别是国际不平等交换和劳动决定价值。从国际不平等交换来看,发达资本主义国家倡导自由贸易,坚持机会平等主义,但贸易利益分配的结果表明,不同发达程度国家间的利益分配绝对不平等,这源于资本积累起点的不平等。从劳动决定价值来看,按照社会劳动按比例有计划分配的思想,社会总劳动按照市场有效需求决定的比例先分配一定的劳动份额形成行业价值,再按照行业的生产总量分配给每个商品一定的劳动份额形成单位价值,这决定了在市场供求均衡条件下商品价格的唯一性,以及不同商品价格的绝对差异。

Faced with the complex international economic relations and the widening polarization between the rich and the poor,it is necessary to strengthen the basic theoretical research and guidance of international values.The law of international value mainly has two components,namely international unequal exchange and value determined by labor.From the perspective of international unequal exchange,the free trade advocated by the developed capitalist countries adheres to the equality of opportunities,but the results of the distribution of trade benefits show that the distribution of benefits among the countries with different developed levels is absolutely unequal,which results from the inequality of the staring point of capital accumulation.And from the point of value determined by value,according to the ideas of proportional distribution of social labor,the social labor according to the effective market demand first distributes a certain labor share to form the industry value,and then according to the total production volume of the industry allocates a certain labor share to each commodity to form the unit value,which determines the uniqueness of commodity prices under the condition of market supply and demand equilibrium,as well as the absolute difference of different commodity prices.