从政府主导到新自由主义:日本“非典型”资本主义经济模式的流变

From Government-Orientation to Neoliberalism:Transformation of Japan’s“Atypical”Capitalist Economic Model

战后日本资本主义逐渐形成了与典型资本主义国家存在许多差异性特征的经济模式,主要表现为政府主导型的发展模式、有组织的市场模式和平稳型的劳资关系模式。尽管这种经济模式本质上仍然是建立在私有制基础上的资本主义模式,但又与欧美资本主义典型特征相区别,正是这种经济特征推动了战后日本经济高速增长和民众生活水平迅速提高。20世纪90年代以来,这种经济模式逐渐被新自由主义所取代,这是导致最近三十年来日本经济增长几乎停滞的重要原因。日本资本主义经济模式的新自由主义转向这一演变趋势是整个世界资本主义历史演变的缩影。日本“非典型”资本主义经济模式的流变分析有助于正确认识日本经济模式未来走向和准确把握中国特色社会主义经济发展道路。

After World WarⅡ,Japan gradually formed a capitalist economic model with many different characteristics from typical capitalist countries,represented mainly by the government’s role,organized market and stable labor relations.Although this model is still a capitalist one based on private ownership in essence,it is different from the typical European and American capitalist model,which promoted the rapid growth of Japanese economy and the great improvement of people’s living standards after the war.Since the 1990s,this economic model was replaced by the neoliberalist one,which is an important reason for the stagnation of Japan’s economic growth in the past three decades.The neoliberal turn of Japan’s capitalist economic model is the epitome of the historical evolution of capitalism in the whole world.The analysis on the evolution of Japan’s“atypical”capitalist economic model is helpful to correctly understand the future trend of Japan’s economic model and accurately grasp the road of socialist economic development with Chinese characteristics.