我国劳动要素价格扭曲测度及其因素分析

The Measurement and Analysis of the Price Distortion of Labor Factors in China

本文利用时变弹性生产函数法对全国和地方劳动要素价格扭曲度进行了测算。研究发现,改革开放以来,我国劳动要素价格扭曲度呈现总体下降趋势,具体可分为1978—1983年劳动要素价格扭曲度快速持续下降、1984—1998年扭曲度波动中扩大、1999—2012年扭曲度波动中再下降和2013年以来扭曲度低位平稳4个阶段。以劳动要素价格扭曲度、劳动要素价格扭曲度变化绝对量、产出效应、工资效应为聚类变量的聚类分析表明,全国31个省、自治区和直辖市可分为5类;欠发达地区向发达地区转换过程中,产出效应对扭曲度的影响由弱变强,但叠加工资效应后,拥有更好劳动环境和劳动者素质的发达地区的劳动要素扭曲度收窄幅度更为明显。

This paper uses the time-varying elastic production function method to calculate the distortion of national and local labor factor prices.The results show that since the reform and opening up,the distortion of labor factor prices in China has shown an overall downward trend,which can be divided into four stages:the rapid and continuous decline of the distortion of labor factor prices during 1978 and 1983,the expansion of the distortion during 1984 and 1998 with fluctuations,the further decline of the distortion during 1999 and 2012 with fluctuations,and the stable low level of the distortion since 2013.The results show that 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in China can be divided into five categories.In the process of the transformation from underdeveloped areas to developed areas,the impact of output effect on the degree of distortion is changing from weak to strong,while when with the effect of wage added,in developed areas with better working environment and higher workers’quality,the degree of distortion of labor factors becoming narrowed is more significant.