论列宁晚年对新经济政策的深化思考及其对苏俄意识形态矛盾的内在解决——纪念新经济政策提出100周年

On Lenin’s In-depth Thinking on New Economic Policy in His Later Years and the Internal Solution to the Ideological Contradiction of the Soviet Union

列宁晚年对新经济政策的深化思考及其对社会主义意识形态的革命性探索是留给共产党人的宝贵精神财富。1921年,新经济政策的出台暂时缓解了苏俄当时的政权危机,与此同时也不可避免地引发了苏俄社会的意识形态矛盾。通过对新经济政策的深入思考以及对意识形态矛盾的理论回应,列宁发现合作社制度在当时苏俄的历史条件下是使苏俄向完全的社会主义过渡的有力杠杆,正是对合作社制度的价值重估,使列宁构建起一种新型的社会主义意识形态。这种新的社会主义意识形态强调,在俄国无产阶级革命胜利之后,对社会主义的理解应转向文化主义的、改良主义的、合作制社会主义的立场,这就为内在地解决新经济政策所凸显的意识形态矛盾提供了革命性的思路。但在当时的历史环境下,列宁对社会主义意识形态的这种革命性探索被迫中断,同时也对后来苏联的历史走向产生了深远的影响。

Lenin’s in-depth thinking on New Economic Policy and his revolutionary exploration of socialist ideology in his later years are precious spiritual wealth left to the communists.The introduction of New Economic Policy in 1921 temporarily eased the political crisis of Soviet Russia at that time,but at the same time,it inevitably led to ideological contradictions in the Soviet Russian society.Through in-depth thinking on New Economic Policy and theoretical response to ideological contradictions,Lenin found that the cooperative system could become a powerful lever for the transition to complete socialism under the historical conditions of Soviet Russia at that time.It is the revaluation of the value of the cooperative system that made Lenin construct a new socialist ideology.This new socialist ideology emphasizes that after the victory of the Russian proletarian revolution,the understanding of socialism should turn to the position of culturalism,reformism and cooperative socialism,which provides a revolutionary idea to solve the ideological contradiction highlighted by New Economic Policy.However,in the historical environment at that time,the Soviet Union was finally shaped in Stalin mode,which not only forced Lenin’s revolutionary exploration of socialist ideology to be interrupted,but also had a profound impact on the subsequent failure of the Soviet Union.