政治经济学视域下经济效率的衡量和比较:理论与实证研究

Measurement and Comparison of Economic Efficiency from the Perspective of Political Economy:Theoretical and Empirical Research

马克思的劳动价值论不仅可以用于衡量商品的价值大小,还可以用于衡量商品的经济效率。本文在冯金华以商品单位劳动价值量来衡量行业效率的基础上,进一步提出地区和国家的单位劳动价值量,用来衡量与比较不同地区和国家的经济效率。在封闭经济条件下,如果一国内部任意一个地区的单位劳动价值量大于(等于或小于)另一地区,则该地区的经济效率就大于(等于或小于)另一地区。在开放经济条件下,如果一个国家的单位劳动价值量大于(等于或小于)另一国家,则该国的经济效率大于(等于或小于)另一国家。实证研究表明,虽然目前美国的经济效率仍高于中国,但中美之间的经济效率差距在持续缩小。

Marx’s theory of labor value can be used not only to measure the value of commodities,but also to measure the economic efficiency of commodities.On the basis of Feng Jinhua’s measurement of industrial efficiency by the value quantity of per unit labor of commodities,this paper further proposes the value quantity of per unit labor of regions and countries to measure and compare the economic efficiency of different regions and countries.Under the condition of closed economy,if the value quantity of per unit labor of any region in a country is greater than(equal to or less than)that of another region,the economic efficiency of that region is greater than(equal to or less than)that of another region.In an open economy,if the value quantity of per unit labor of any country is greater than(equal to or less than)that of another country,the economic efficiency of that country is greater than(equal to or less than)that of another country.The empirical research shows that although the economic efficiency of the United States is still far higher than that of China,the economic efficiency gap between China and the United States continues to narrow.