学龄前儿童维生素A营养状况及相关影响因素分析

Analysis of vitamin A nutritional status and related factors among preschool children in our district

目的:探讨我区学龄前儿童维生素A(VA)营养状况及相关影响因素。方法:选取2017年5月~2018年6月在我院儿科体检中心的798例学龄前儿童为研究对象。采集儿童手指末梢血,采用高效液相色谱法检测血清VA水平。通过自行设计的调查问卷,收集儿童家庭基本情况、家长文化程度、家庭经济收入、家庭饮食习惯、儿童喂养情况、VA制剂补充情况等信息。分析影响儿童VA营养状况的因素。结果:798例儿童,男422例,女376例,中位年龄2.3岁(5个月,4.5岁),血清VA中位值0.32(0.21,0.49)mg/L。VA亚临床缺乏46人(5.8%),VA可疑亚临床缺乏273人(34.2%)。经单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析显示:母亲文化程度、家庭月饮食支出、鱼虾肉摄入频率、VA制剂补充、配方奶补充是影响学龄前儿童VA营养状况的独立危险因素。结论:我区学龄前儿童VA营养状况仍不容乐观,以可疑亚临床缺乏为主要表现。VA营养状况受多方面因素影响,应加强预防干预。

Objective To investigate the vitamin A(VA)nutritional status and related factors among preschool children in our district.Methods 798 preschool children who were Paediatric physical examination center in our hospital from May 2017 to June 2018 were selected as research subjects.Blood samples were collected from fingers.Serum VA levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.The basic information of children’s families,parents’educational level,family income,family dietary habits,children’s feeding,VA supplements and other information were collected by self-designed questionnaires.Factors influencing VA nutritional status in children were analyzed.Results 798 preschool children with 422 males and 376 females,median age was 2.3 years(5 months,4.5 years)and median serum VA was 0.32(0.21,0.49)mg/L.Prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency was 5.8%,and prevalence of susceptible of subclinical vitamin A deficiency was 34.2%.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal educational level,family monthly dietary expenditure,fish and shrimp meat intake frequency,VA supplement and formula milk supplement were independent risk factors affecting VA nutritional status of preschool children.Conclusion The nutritional status of VA in preschool children in our district is still not optimistic,and the susceptible of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is the main manifestation.VA nutritional status is affected by many factors.Preventive intervention should be strengthened.