2014-2019年驻马店市流感哨点监测结果分析

Analysis of influenza sentinel surveillance data in Zhumadian,2014-2019

目的分析2014-2019年驻马店市流感病毒流行特征及变化趋势,为季节性流感防控提供依据。方法对哨点医院采集的流感样病例咽拭子标本信息及核酸检测结果进行描述性分析。结果2014-2019年共采集流感样病例咽拭子标本3571例,核酸阳性669例,总阳性率18.73%。2017-2018年度核酸检测阳性率最高,达到32.12%。阳性标本以新甲H1型为主(284例),其次为B型(225例)和季H3型(160例),各年度亚型分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=525.645,P<0.001)。5岁以下儿童和60岁以上老年人群阳性检出率较低,各年龄组阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=88.786,P<0.001)。流感病毒活动高峰在12-次年3月份,整体以H3N2和B型为主交替流行。结论驻马店市流感呈现冬春季流行高峰,应在高峰季节来临前加强对重点人群的健康教育和疫苗接种工作。同时要持续提高哨点医院重点科室采样质量,适时增大采样量。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and change trend of influenza virus in ZhumadianCity from 2014 to2019,and to provide evidence for seasonal influenza prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was applied to analyze the throat swab specimens and nucleic acid test results of influenza-like cases collected from sentinel hospital.Results A total of 3571 throat swabs were collected from 2014 to 2019,and 669 cases of them were positive withnucleic acid test,with anoverall positive rate of 18.73%.The highest positive detection rate with nucleic acid testwas12.32%in 2017-2018.The common strains identified were new A(H1)(284 cases),followed by type B(225 cases)and seasonal A(H3)(160 cases).The distribution of sub-types in different years was statistically significant(χ2=525.645,P<0.001).The positive detection rates of children under 5 years old and people over 60 years old were lower than other age group,and the difference of detection rates was statistically significant among age groups(χ2=88.786,P<0.001).The peak month of influenza activitywas from December to March of next year,and type A(H3 N2)and B were predominant alternately on the whole.Conclusion The influenza cases peaked in winter and spring in Zhumadian City.Health education and vaccination should be strengthened before the peak season for high-risk people.At the same time,the quality of sampling in key departments of sentinel hospitals should be improved continuously,and the amount of sampling should be increased timely.