2002-2019年驻马店市HIV阳性产妇流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of HIV-positive puerperas in Zhumadian, 2002-2019

目的了解2002-2019年驻马店市艾滋病病毒(HIV)阳性产妇的流行病学特征,为指导预防艾滋病母婴传播(prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV,PMTCT)提供依据。方法收集2002-2019年驻马店市上报的HIV阳性产妇个案登记卡,对HIV阳性产妇的社会人口学特征、HIV感染途径、抗病毒药物应用情况等进行描述性统计分析。结果2002-2019年共上报636例HIV阳性产妇,年龄16~48岁,平均(30.97±6.33)岁,多为汉族,文化程度多是小学或初中,职业以农民为主,地区分布以上蔡县(51.26%)最多,感染途径以血液传播(60.22%)为主,其次是性传播(22.33%),血液传播比例呈逐年降低趋势(P<0.001),确认HIV感染时期属于既往确认HIV阳性最多(56.92%)、其次是产时确认(23.74%),阳性产妇用药率91.98%,仍存在个别产妇产时或产后开始用药。结论应加强对农村、低文化程度、初婚育龄妇女的健康教育和阳性育龄妇女的随访管理,严格控制性传播,做到"早检测、早诊断、早干预",消除艾滋病母婴传播。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of HIV-positive puerperas in Zhumadian from 2002 to2019,and to further guide prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV(PMTCT).Methods The registration cards of HIV-positive maternal cases reported in Zhumadian from 2002-2019 were collected,and descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the socio-demographic characteristics of HIV-positive maternal cases,the route of HIV infection and the application of antiviral drugs.Results From 2002-2019,a total of 636 HIV-positive pregnant women were reported,aged 16-48 years,with an average age of(30.96±6.33)years.Most of them were Han people,graduated from the primary school or junior high school,worked as farmer.Most of them(51.26%)were reported from Shangcai county.The most common infection route was blood transmission(60.22%),followed by sexual transmission(22.33%).The blood transmission rate decreased year by year(P<0.001).Previous confirmation of HIV-positive was the most common(56.92%),followed by postpartum confirmation(23.74%).The proportion of HIV-positive maternal cases on medication was 91.98%,and a few of them who started to take medications were still during or after childbirth.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the health education of women who are in rural areas,low-education attainment,newly-married women,and the follow-up management of HIV-positive women of child-bearing age so as to stop sexual transmission and eliminate mother-to-child transmission of AIDS by"early detection,early diagnosis,early intervention".