2011-2018年漯河地区无偿献血人群HIV感染状况分析

Analysis of HIV infection status among voluntary blood donors in Luohe area from 2011 to 2018

目的探讨漯河地区2011-2018年无偿献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的感染状况及预防经输血途径传播HIV的防控措施。方法416385例无偿献血者血液标本采用ELISA法进行抗-HIV筛查,对结果呈反应性样本送本市疾病预防控制中心确认,并对不同特征人群HIV阳性率进行分析。结果416385例无偿献血标本初筛反应性214例,确认HIV阳性75例,阳性率为1.80/万,不同年份HIV阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男性(2.69/万)高于女性(0.43/万),初次献血(4.84/万)高于多次献血(0.60/万),全血阳性率(1.94/万)高于单采血小板(0.28/万),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);献血者随年龄增长,HIV阳性率呈下降趋势,不同年龄段HIV阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);男性HIV阳性率呈逐年升高趋势,不同年度男性献血人群HIV阳性率比较差异有统计学意义;75例HIV确认阳性献血者中,单纯HIV阳性60例(80.00%),HIV+TP阳性9例(12.00%),HIV+HCV阳性3例(4.00%)。结论漯河市无偿献血人群HIV阳性率呈逐渐上升态势,感染群体主要为40岁以下男性,初次献血感染率较高,做好献血前征询,从低危人群中招募献血者,以确保血液质量和临床用血安全。

Objective To explore HIV infection status of voluntary blood donors in Luohe area and prevention measure of transfusion-transmitted HIV infection.Methods A total of 416385 blood specimens of voluntary blood donors were screened for anti-HIV by ELISA,and the distribution characteristics of HIV results in different population were analyzed.Results 214 cases were confirmed with HIV-positive among 416385 blood specimens,and 75 cases ascertainment positive,with a positive rate of1.80/10000,there was statistically significant difference in different years(P<0.05);the HIV-positive rate(2.69/10000)of male was higher than that of female(0.43/10000),the HIV-positive rate(4.84/10000)of primary blood donation group was higher than that of multi-donation group(0.60/10000),the HIV-positive rate(1.94/10000)of whole blood donors was higher than that of component blood donors(0.28/10000),there was statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.05);the HIV infection rates tend to be decreased with the increase of age,there was statistically significant difference between different age stage(P<0.05);the HIVpositive rate of male showed an increasing trend,there was statistically significant difference between different years(P<0.05);in 75 donors,simple HIV-positive 60 cases(80.00%),HIV and TP-positive 9 cases(12.00%),HIV and HCV-positive 3 cases(4.00%).Conclusion In Luohe,the HIV infection rate of voluntary blood donors is increasing year by year,the most prevalent HIV infected individuals were males with less than 40 years old and first-time blood donors,the HIV-positive rate of whole blood donors was higher than that of apheresis platelet,therefore,health consultation before blood donation and recruitment blood donors from lower risk groups should be strengthened to ensure blood quality and safety.