适宜套作玉米品种的物质积累与分配特性

Study on Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Maize Suitable for Intercropping System

为明确适宜套作玉米品种的干物质积累分配特性,以套作减产率较高的玉米品种(珍禾玉1号、众望玉18)、套作减产率较低的玉米品种(荣玉1210)为试验材料,设置套作和单作两种种植模式,利用13C同位素示踪法,研究适宜套作玉米品种在套作模式下的产量及产量构成、干物质积累与分配特点。结果表明,套作减产率较高的玉米品种在套作与单作条件下的产量差异达显著水平,两年平均减产率为20.40%,而套作减产率较低的玉米品种产量在两种模式下产量差异不显著。套作减产率较高的玉米品种在套作条件下的花后干物质同化量和收获指数与单作相比分别下降了21.18%、11.24%,而套作减产率较低的玉米品种在套作模式下的花后干物质同化量和收获指数较单作分别提高了48.14%、2.42%。两类品种在套作条件下宽行穗位叶13C向穗分配比例较窄行高5.96%,向茎秆和穗位叶的分配分别减少5.01%、0.13%,套作减产率较低的玉米品种窄行穗位叶13C向穗的转移率比套作减产率较高的玉米高10.90%,但向茎秆的转移率降低了8.98%。因此,与单作相比,两类品种在套作条件下,套作减产率较低的玉米品种能够维持较高的花后干物质积累量,光合产物向籽粒的分配比例提高,收获指数增加,且套作大豆产量显著提高,实现了套作双高产的目标。本研究结果为筛选与培育适宜套作玉米品种提供了理论依据。

In order to investigate the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution of intercropped maize, the suitable maize RY 1210(low yield reduction compared to monocropping) and unsuitable maize ZHY No.1 and ZWY 18(great yield reduction compared to monocropping) were cultivated in intercropping and monocropping. The13C isotope tracer method was used to explore the the yield, yield composition, the charcteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution of suitable intercropped maize varieties. The results showed that the yield difference of ZHY No.1 and ZWY 18 reached a significant level under the condition of intercropping and monocropping, and the two-year average yield reduction rate was 20.40%, while RY1210 had no significant difference. Compared with monocropping, the dry matter assimilation and harvest index of ZHY No.1 and ZWY 18 under the intercropping condition decreased by 21.18% and 11.24%, respectively, while that of RY1210 under the intercropping condition increased by 48.14% and 2.42%, respectively. Under the condition of intercropping, the distribution ratio of13C from ear leaf to spike in wide row was 5.96% higher than that of the narrow row, but the distribution to stem and ear leaf decreased by 5.01% and 0.13% separately. The transfer rate of13C from ear leaf to spike of was 10.90% higher than that of ZHY No.1 and ZWY 18 in narrow row, but the transfer rate of13C from ear leaf to stem of RY1210 was decreased by 8.98%. Therefore, RY 1210 can maintain higher dry matter accumulation after anthesis, improve the transport of photosynthate to grain, and significantly increase the harvest index and the soybean yield, which achieved the goal of double-high yield of maize and soybean and provide a theoretical basis for selecting and breeding the maize varieties under intercropping system.