陇薯系列高淀粉马铃薯品种的淀粉产量及品质性状综合评价

Evaluation of Starch Yield and Nutrition Quality Traits in Longshu Series Potato Varieties With High Starch Content

为了评价高淀粉马铃薯品种的综合品质性状,本研究以甘肃省农业科学院育成的15个马铃薯品种(系)为参试材料,2011-2018年连续8年定点田间试验,测定了块茎产量、营养品质(干物质、淀粉、维生素C、粗蛋白)含量和矿物质元素(钾、钙、铁、锌)含量。结果表明,参试材料的块茎产量和营养品质含量均存在显著的基因型、环境及基因型与环境的互作效应,其中块茎产量、淀粉产量、干物质含量、淀粉含量性状的基因型效应大于环境效应,而营养品质中的维生素C、粗蛋白和还原糖含量的环境效应大于基因型效应。参试材料的块茎产量24549~50140 kg·hm-2,淀粉产量4271~9298 kg·hm-2,干物质含量21.07%~30.18%,淀粉含量14.63%~21.83%,维生素C含量12.20~18.95 mg·100g-1,粗蛋白含量2.17%~2.71%,还原糖含量0.18%~0.43%,钾含量4316~5368 mg·kg-1,钙含量85.10~138.40 mg·kg-1,铁含量10.17~24.50 mg·kg-1,锌含量2.45~3.80 mg·kg-1。大西洋的衍生品种陇薯8号、陇薯9号、陇薯12号、陇薯14号、L0527-2、L08104-12、LZ111和L1149-2淀粉含量均超过18%,其中,L1149-2总体表现优异,其平均块茎产量50140 kg·hm-2、淀粉产量9298 kg·hm-2、干物质含量26.75%、淀粉含量19.30%、维生素C含量14.62 mg·100g-1、粗蛋白含量2.52%、还原糖含量0.28%、钾含量5297 mg·kg-1、钙含量138.40 mg·kg-1、铁含量20.40 mg·kg-1、锌含量3.20 mg·kg-1;而陇薯5号淀粉产量及营养品质较差。本研究为合理利用陇薯系列高淀粉马铃薯品种提供了科学依据,对改良高淀粉马铃薯品种产量和品质具有指导意义。

In order to evaluate the starch yield and nutritional quality traits of potato with high starch content,fifteen varieties(clones)from Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences were planted at fixed location in 2011-2018.After harvest tuber yield,content of nutritional quality(dry matter,starch,vitamin C,crude protein,reducing sugar)and mineral elements(potassium,calcium,ferrum and zinc)were detected.The result showed that genotype,environment and genotype-environment interaction had significant effect on all yield and quality traits.The genotypic effect was greater than environmental effect in the yield,starch yield,dry matter content and starch content traits,while the environmental effect of nutritional quality content of vitamin C,protein and reducing sugar are greater than genotype effect.In the 15 tested cultivars(clones),the ranges of total tuber yield(TTY)were 24549-50140 kg·hm-2,starch yield(SY)were 4271-9298 kg·hm-2,dry matter content(DMC)were 21.07-30.18%,starch content(SC)were 14.63-21.83%,and vitamin C content(VCC)were 12.20-18.95 mg·100 g-1,crude protein content(PC)were 2.17-2.71%,reducing sugar content(RSC)were 0.18-0.43%,potassium content(KC)were 4316-5368 mg·kg-1,calcium content(Ca)were 85.10-138.40 mg·kg-1,ferrum content(FeC)were 10.17-24.50 mg·kg-1,and zinc content(ZnC)were 2.45-3.80 mg·kg-1.Longshu 8,Longshu 9,Longshu 12,Longshu 14,L0527-2,L08104-12,LZ111 and L1149-2 derived from Atlantic behave high starch content trait with above 18%,L1149-2 was excellent line with TTY of 50140 kg·hm-2,SY of 9298 kg·hm-2,DMC of 26.75%,SC of 19.30%,VCC of 14.62 mg·100 g-1,PC of 2.52%,RSC of 0.28%,KC of 5297 mg·kg-1,CaC of 138.40 mg·kg-1,FeC of 20.40 mg·kg-1,ZnC of 3.20 mg·kg-1.The total tuber yield and nutritional quality of Longshu 5 were poor.This study provides a scientific basis for the utilization of high-starch potato varieties of Longshu series,which can also assist for improving the yield and quality of potato varities with high starch content.