湖南汨罗两座唐宋时期墓葬棺椁的树种鉴定研究

Identifi cation of the Tree Species of Two Tomb Coffi ns in the Tang and Song Dynasties in Miluo,Hunan

高泉山是汨罗市重要的文物埋藏地,2019年岳阳市文物考古研究所在此发掘了一座棺椁保存完好的宋墓M42,该墓为近年来岳阳地区最大的宋代墓葬。同年还发掘了岳阳林纸厂M1,两座墓葬时代接近。为研究两座墓葬木材使用特点,本次实验采用徒手切片法,通过光学显微镜,对高泉山M42的11件棺椁样品和2件木炭样品,以及岳阳林纸厂M1的1件棺板样本进行了鉴定,结果表明,M42的棺木为侧柏,椁木为苦槠,木炭为青冈,岳阳林纸厂M1棺板鉴定结果为硬木松。从墓葬形制和使用材料上看,M42是一座规格较高的宋代墓葬,通过M42与相关墓葬使用材料的比较,对研究湘江下游地区宋代埋葬习俗具有重要的考古价值。

Gaoquanshan is the important cultural relic burial site of Miluo.In 2019,Yueyang Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated a well preserved tomb named M42 of the Song Dynasty,which is the largest tomb of the Song Dynasty in Yueyang area in recent years.The tomb in Yueyang Paper Mill named M1 was also found in the same year,and the two tombs have the similar time.In order to study the using characteristics of wood,11 coffins and 2 charcoal samples of M42 in Gaoquanshan and 1 coffi n sample of M1 in Yueyang Paper Mill were identifi ed by optical microscope.The results showed that the inner coffin of M42 was Platycladus orientalis,the outer coffin wood was Castanopsis carlesii,the charcoal was Quercus,and the coffi n sample of Yueyang Paper Mill was Pinus taiwanensis.From the perspective of tomb conformation and materials used,M42 is a tomb of Song Dynasty with higher specifi cations.The comparison of wood used in M42 and materials used in related tombs has important archaeological value for the study of burial customs of Song Dynasty in the downstream of Xiangjiang River.