宋元时期芒口瓷器覆烧具研究

A Research on Up-side-down Furniture of Firing Mans Mouth Porcelain during Song and Yuan Dynasty

芒口覆烧法于北宋中期出现于北方的定窑,此后伴随着人口的迁移或技术的传播而在南北方扩散开来。景德镇窑在北宋晚期接受了定窑的支圈覆烧技术,并在此基础上革新,随着青白瓷的风靡而进一步传播,景德镇窑在支圈覆烧法的传播上起到了中转站的作用。景德镇窑引入的环形支圈在制作工艺上与定窑有很大的区别。湖南芒口青白瓷和支圈覆烧技术的出现要晚到南宋晚期,这跟当时江西人口的迁移有很大的关系。元代以后,涩圈叠烧法盛行,支圈覆烧法逐渐被替代,部分窑场除因技术传播滞后性仍在沿用外,支圈覆烧法基本退出了窑业发展的历史舞台。

Up-side-down firing method of firing mans mouth porcelain appeared in Ding Kiln during Middle Song Dynasty,then diffused to north and south along with population migration or technological transmission.Jingdezhen Kiln accepted this method after Late North Song Dynasty and innovated it.Jingdezhen Kiln played a role of transfer station in the process of bluish white porcelain’s population.The production process of ring form furnitures introduced by Jingdezhen Kiln is different from similar kiln furniture in Ding Kiln.The mans mouth bluish white porcelain and up-side-down fi ring method appeared at Late Sourth Song Dynasty,which had close relationship with population migration of Jiangxi Province.After Yuan Dynasty,though some kilns still use this method due to the lag of technology transmission,the up-side-down method was gradually replaced by stacking porcelains through scraping ring form glaze and basically withdrawed from the historical stage of kiln development.