长沙窑瓷器在唐代扬州罗城内的分布成因与初步认识

The Reasons of Distribution and Preliminary Understanding of Changsha Kiln Porcelain in Luocheng of Yangzhou in Tang Dynasty

通过对长沙窑瓷器在唐代扬州罗城的分布进行统计与分析,并结合扬州中晚唐墓葬随葬长沙窑瓷器的状况,结果表明罗城内官河两岸(今汶河路一线)与扬州师范学院、苏北农学院手工业作坊区分布大量的长沙窑瓷器标本,为各窑口之最,而官河偏北地段长沙窑瓷器标本分布稍次,偏离官河两岸及手工业作坊区的地段长沙窑瓷器标本分布相对较少,但宜兴窑、越窑青瓷数量往往多于长沙窑。笔者认为出现上述现象原因有二:(1)中晚唐扬州作为邻近长沙窑产地最重要的海上丝绸之路国际贸易港,长沙窑瓷器定性为外销器,其产品主要远销海外,故在罗城内商贸繁华区——官河两岸(今汶河路一线)及手工业作坊区出现大量长沙窑外贸瓷就很自然了。(2)在罗城内商贸氛围较淡的居住区、墓葬内出土了大量的多于长沙窑瓷器的宜兴窑、越窑青瓷,或与居住民更偏爱青瓷有关,这与扬州汉以前所受吴越文化原始青瓷影响有关。

Through conducting statistics and analysis on the distribution of Changsha Kiln porcelain in the Tang Dynasty’s Luocheng area of Yangzhou,and combining with the situation of Changsha Kiln porcelain buried in tombs of the mid to late Tang Dynasty in Yangzhou,this thesis finds that a large number of Changsha Kiln porcelain specimens are distributed on both sides of the Guanhe River(today’s Wenhe Road)and in the handicraft workshop area of Yangzhou Normal University and Subei Agricultural College,which is the highest among all kilns;the Changsha Kiln porcelain specimens is slightly lower in the northern section of the Guanhe River,and the Changsha Kiln porcelain specimens is relatively small in the areas deviating from the Guanhe River banks and the handicraft workshop area.However,the quantity of Yixing Kiln and Yue Kiln celadon is often greater than that of Changsha Kiln.The author believes that there are two reasons for the above phenomenon:first,Yangzhou in the middle and late Tang Dynasty,as the most important international trade port on the Maritime Silk Road adjacent to the origin of Changsha Kiln,Changsha Kiln porcelain is characterized as export products,and the products are mainly exported overseas,so it is natural that a large number of Changsha Kiln foreign trade porcelain appeared in the prosperous business district in Luocheng—on both sides of the Guanhe River(today’s Wenhe Road)and in the handicraft workshop area.Second,in the residential areas with less business and tombs in Luocheng,more Yixing Kiln and Yue Kiln celadons,rather than Changsha Kiln porcelains,were unearthed,maybe it is related to the preference of residents for celadon,which was infl uenced by the primitive celadon of WuYue culture before the Han Dynasty in Yangzhou.