医学生生命意义感影响因素分析及对学校生命教育的启示

Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Meaning of Life Among Medical Students and Implications for Life Education

目的探究医学生生命意义感并分析其影响因素,为医学院校开展生命教育提供指导和建议。方法采用分层抽样和便利抽样相结合的方法,于2019-12/2020-02月选取4所医学院校的508名在校医学生为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、生活参与测试量表(life engagement test,LET)、信赖他人量表、父母教养方式量表(Egma Minnen av Bardndosna Uppforstran,EMBU)、简易应对方式量表(simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ)、健康问卷抑郁量表9(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)、世界卫生组织幸福感指数量表(world health organization five-item well-being index,WHO-5)进行调查。采用多元逐步回归分析法进行影响因素的分析。结果共回收有效问卷446份,LET得分为(21.65±3.78),信赖他人量表得分为(2.78±1.36);积极应对为(22.67±6.07),消极应对为(10.36±4.12);EMBU的过度保护分量表得分为(10.85±2.41);PHQ-9得分为(6.82±5.10);WHO-5得分为(16.38±1.32)。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,抑郁情绪、应对方式、对今后工作生活是否有规划、参加社团数量、学习动力、亲属健康状况是影响医学生生命意义感的主要因素(P<0.01),共解释总变异的50.1%。结论医学生生命意义感受到多方面因素的影响。医学院校应关注有亲属患病、抑郁、存在学习倦怠的个体,并有针对性地开展多种形式的团体辅导进行生命意义教育,以提高其生命意义感。

Objective To explore the status quo of meaning of life in medical students,analyze its influencing factors and provide guidances and suggestions for life education in medical colleges and universities.Methods A total of 508 medical students from 4 medical schools were selected as study objects by stratified random sampling combined with convenience sampling method from December 2019 to February 2020.Those students were investigated by general information questionnaires,life engagement test(LET),faith in people scale,Egma Minnen av Bardndosna Uppforstran(EMBU),simplified coping style questionnaire(SCSQ),patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and world health organization five-item well-being index(WHO-5),and its influencing factors was analyzed by multivariate linear regression.Results A total of 446 valid questionnaires were collected,the total score of LET,faith in people scale,positive coping scores,negative coping scores,over protective dimension of EMBU,PHQ-9 and WHO-5 were(21.65±3.78),(2.78±1.36),(22.67±6.07),(10.36±4.12),(10.85±2.41),(6.82±5.10)and(16.38±1.32)respectively.The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that depression,coping style,plan for the future work and life,the number of participating school clubs,learning motivation and the health condition of relatives were the influencing factors of meaning of life in medical students(P<0.01),which explained 50.1%of the variation in meaning of life.Conclusion Meaning of life of medical students is influenced by factors in several aspects.Medical colleges and universities should pay attention to the individuals with sick relatives,depression and learning burnout individual,and carry out various forms of group counseling to improve their sense of life meaning.