袭警罪构成要件的教义学解读

A Doctrinal Interpretation of the Constitutive Elements of the Crime of Assaulting Police

袭警罪作为《刑法修正案(十一)》新增加的罪名之一,由妨害公务罪的从重处罚情节变为独立的犯罪构成要件。袭警罪的法益应当仅包括人民警察的公务而非其人身权利。行为手段中的“暴力”也应当限缩为狭义的暴力而排斥间接暴力,并同时具备突然性和偷袭性。本罪能够包含轻微伤、轻伤以及部分重伤,但即使人民警察的人身未受到实际侵害也能够成立袭警罪。“正在依法执行职务”作为本罪行为对象的限定条件,应当做广义解释且不应以执法的轻微瑕疵否定整个行为。对人民警察的解释采取“折中说”,认为符合“执法一体化”下的辅警应当受到本罪适用的保护。在量刑情节的考量中,达成刑事和解协议的做法违背罪刑法定原则。

As one of the newly added charges in the Eleventh Amendment to Criminal Law,the crime of assaulting the police has changed from the heavier punishment of the crime of obstructing official business into an independent component of the crime.The legal interests of the crime of assaulting the police should only include the official duties of the police rather than their personal rights.The"violence"in the act means should be limited to the narrow sense of violence,excluding indirect violence,and have suddenness and surprise attack at the same time.This crime can include minor injury,minor injury and partial serious injury.However,it should be clear that the crime of assaulting police can be established even if the person of the police is not actually harmed."Performing duties in accordance with the law"as the restricted condition of the object of this crime should be interpreted in a broad sense and the whole act should not be denied by slight flaws in law enforcement.The interpretation of the people’s police adopts"compromise theory"and thinks that auxiliary police should be protected by this crime under the"integration of law enforcement".In the consideration of sentencing circumstances,reaching a criminal reconciliation agreement violates the principle of statutory punishment for a crime.