3D打印枪支的风险与规制

Risk and Regulation of 3D Printing Guns

3D打印枪支属于枪支的一种,将其纳入枪支管理的对象,符合罪刑法定原则的要求,对我国扫黑除恶专项斗争、严防恐怖主义、消除分裂势力也有着特殊意义,是坚持全面严格禁枪原则的体现。但是3D打印枪支还有着与现有枪支的不同之处:无法被检测、规避持枪主体资格审查、无法被追踪,这决定了以追踪枪支序列号为核心的现有枪支管理路径不适合新型枪支,我们需要以3D打印枪支的特质为出发点,在现有枪支管制路径之外,为3D打印枪支寻找合适的规制路径。面对3D打印蓝图的上传和下载监管缺位、3D打印机设备流通管理缺位、3D打印枪支无序列号难以管制的难题,我们可以通过对3D打印蓝图进行源头上的监管,建立蓝图官方共享平台;并且利用现有的网络犯罪和枪支犯罪等相关罪名规定进行刑法上的规制;还可以加强火药弹药管理、加强国际协作等措施防治3D打印枪支潜在风险。

3D printing gun is a kind of firearms.If they are included in the management of firearms,it will meet the requirements of the principle of legality of crimes.It also have special significance for China’s special campaign against blackmail,strict prevention of terrorism,elimination of separatist forces and the gun principle of comprehensive and strict ban on guns.However,3D printing guns also have differences from traditional guns:they cannot be detected,avoid gun subject qualification review and cannot be tracked.This determines that the existing gun management is not suitable for new type guns.We need to catch the characteristics of 3D printing guns,and find suitable regulatory paths for 3D printing guns.Facing the lack of supervision of uploading and downloading of 3D printing blueprints,the lack of 3D printer equipment management and 3D printing guns without serial numbers.To solve these problems,we can establish a blueprint official sharing platform by supervising the source of 3D printing blueprints.Using existing cyber crime and gun crimes and other related criminal provisions to regulate it.Strengthening the management of gunpowder ammunition and international cooperation to prevent potential risks of 3D printing guns.