大数据时代刑事电子数据证据概念辨析

On the Concept of Criminal Electronic Data Evidence in the Era of Big Data

受计算机技术及互联网发展影响,刑事电子数据证据概念先后出现视听资料、计算机证据、数字证据、电子数据证据等诸多学说。该类证据概念至少应该包含两个要素:一是证据的本质属性,即数字化;二是证据目前或将来的存在形态,即电子化。至于其载体可能会随着科学技术的发展不断推陈出新,且对电子数据证据不会产生实质性影响,故将其命名为电子数据证据更为合适。据此,刑事电子数据证据,是指在刑事诉讼中,经过法定程序审查判断能够用于证明案件事实的电子化数据信息。深刻把握刑事电子数据证据的内涵,准确界定刑事电子数据的外延是完善刑事电子数据立法的重要保障。

Influenced by the development of computer technology and the Internet,the concept of criminal electronic data evidence has appeared many theories,such as audio-visual materials,computer evidence,digital evidence,electronic data evidence and so on.This kind of evidence concept should contain at least two elements:one is the essential attribute of evidence,that is,digitization;the other is the existing form of evidence at present or in the future,that is,electronization.As for its carrier,it may continue to innovate with the development of science and technology,and will not have a substantial impact on electronic data evidence,so it is more appropriate to name it as electronic data evidence.Therefore,the criminal electronic data evidence refers to the electronic data information that can be used to prove the facts of a case in the criminal procedure.To grasp the connotation of criminal electronic data evidence and define the extension of criminal electronic data accurately is an important obstacle to improve criminal electronic data legislation.