聚焦手艺人:传统工艺纪录片中的双文化叙事研究

Focus on Artisans:The Bicultural Narrative Research in the Traditional Craft Documentary

手艺承载文化,文化以人为本,双文化认同整合类型的传统工艺纪录片,是一个以普通手艺人文化适应为中心的疏导、开释的过程。对手艺人双文化身份类型——"守成"身份、"重构"身份、"疏离"身份、"解构"身份的呈现,传统工艺纪录片采用的路径是传承型的传统叙事、新手艺人的重构、边缘化的平叙、后现代式的解构;运用的叙事维度是遭遇矛盾、分类分析、分化矛盾、认同整合,也即应对准备、寻找异同、尝试消解矛盾、矛盾化解几个阶段。相对于这种具有预期性和导向性的双文化叙事维度,真实、平凡、随机、随性的《寻找手艺》走红,既是双文化叙事维度在当今文化生态下的适应与拓展,也是跨学科的方法论创新。其启示是将认知判断交给社会,既给观众带来真实的温度和共情,又建构适宜手艺人开放性生存的精神文化场域,让手艺人真实的生存矛盾与转化变为可感的历史转型记忆。

Handicraft carries culture,and culture is people-oriented.The traditional craft documentary that the bicultural identify with the integration type is a process of guidance and release centered on the cultural adaptation of ordinary artisans.For the bicultural identity types of artisans,the presentation of“Maintain achievements of predecessors”identity,“Reconstruction”identity,“Alienation”identity and“Deconstruction”identity,the traditional craft documentary adopts the following ways:traditional narration of inheritance,reconstruction of novice artisans,parallel narration of marginalization and post-modern deconstruction;its narrative dimensions used are:encountering contradictions,classification analysis,differentiation contradictions,identification integration,that is,four stages of coping preparation,seeking similarities and differences,trying to resolve contradictions,and resolving contradictions.Compared with the expected and oriented bicultural narrative dimension,the real,ordinary,random and casual Searching For Craft is not only the adaptation and expansion of the bicultural narrative dimension in today’s cultural ecology,but also the innovation of interdisciplinary methodology.Its enlightenment is giving cognitive judgment to the society,which not only brings real temperature and empathy to the audience,but also constructs a spiritual and cultural field suitable for the open survival of artisans;let the real contradiction and transformation that the artisans survive become the perceptible historical transformation memory.