“大宗”为“师”与“真人真知”——《庄子·大宗师》正名辨旨

Taking “Da Zong” as a “Teacher” and “True Man of Genuine Knowledge”——The Rectification and Theme of “Da Zong Shi” in Zhuangzi

《庄子·大宗师》篇名历代异解纷纭,迄无定论。该篇名在当代更被普遍误读、误解,需要探索标题之渊源与本意,方能正名。梳理历代《庄子》注疏、研究名家对"大宗师"的读法与解释,显示《大宗师》篇名很可能系《淮南子》编纂者所定,应读为"大宗-师",表达"大宗"为"师"之意。此据《淮南子》用词并分析"宗师"词源发生之例,可以论证。此标题针对性、区分度不强,当改定标题为"真人真知"。"真人真知"乃该篇宗旨,既有认识论意涵,也有生存论意义。真人与真知的关系在《庄子》其他篇目并未出现,据其实质,则有特定的逻辑与内涵,并非仅为"且有真人而后有真知"。该篇是《庄子》内篇中描述道体、表达体道体验最为充分、明确的一篇。

The title of"Da Zong Shi"in Zhuangzi has been widely misunderstood and misread.It is necessary to explore the title’s original meaning and its change of the discourse to justify my argument.The title of"Da Zong Shi"was defined by the editors of Huai Nan Zi in all probability,and it should be read as"Da Zong—Shi",which means to take"Da Zong"as a teacher.This title is deficient in pertinence and discrimination,so it is proposed to change the title to"True Man,Genuine Knowledge".Equipped with both epistemological and existential meanings,this new title I advise reveals the authentic purpose of this article,which will be drawn from the adequate explanation and explicit demonstration."Da Zong Shi—True Man and Genuine Knowledge"is an text that best describes the experience of Daoism and Expression in Zhuangzi.