从明代选本看《史记》文章元典地位的确立

Discussion on The Records of the Grand Historian as the Establishment of the Classic Position of the Article

从南宋到明代,受复古思想影响,《史记》逐渐进入古文选家的视野。作为古文的一部分,《史记》被列入文选经历了从重道到重文的历程。明代古文选家对《史记》的选录其实是一个解构与重构的过程。他们对《史记》文体进行了全方位的辨析,这种辨体过程结合着对相应文体法则的细致探索,借助在选文顺序上的有意安排,树立了《史记》的文章学典范地位。受科举的影响,明代主要文学流派诸家和科举考官在提倡《史记》的同时,大都编著有专门的《史记》选评本以指导文法,使得《史记》成为科举师矩。受此影响,明代《史记》的文章学地位逐渐超越唐宋古文、《汉书》甚至《左传》,最终确立了文章元典的地位。

From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty,under the influence of the idea of restoring the ancients,the Records of the Grand Historian gradually entered the field of vision of the ancient writers.As a part of the ancient Chinese prose,The Records of the Grand Historian has experienced a process from emphasizing Taoism to emphasizing prose.What is a process of deconstruction and reconstruction that the ancient writers of Ming Dynasty selected the records of history.They made a comprehensive analysis of the style of The Records of the Grand Historian.This process combined with the detailed exploration of the corresponding style rules,they often put the corresponding paragraphs of The Records of the Grand Historian at the top of the style in the order of text selection and arrangement,thus setting up a model position of The Records of the Grand Historian.Influenced by the imperial examination,most of the major literary schools and examiners in the Ming Dynasty,while advocating The Records of the Grand Historian,compiled a special The Records of the Grand Historian selected review book to guide the grammar,thus making The Records of the Grand Historian become the moment of imperial examination teacher.Influenced by this,the literary status of The Records of the Grand Historian in the Ming Dynasty gradually surpassed that of ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasty,Hanshu,and even Zuozhuan,and finally established the status of the original works.