莎剧《哈姆莱特》中的法律问题与法律意识

The Legal Issues and Legal Consciousness in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet

莎士比亚的代表作《哈姆莱特》中涉及诸多法律问题,渗透着作家对法律问题的思考,呈现了他深厚的法律修养和深邃的法律意识。从文学法律批评的视角出发,对《哈姆莱特》中的法律问题进行审视。首先,莎士比亚作为酷爱法律书写的作家,以剧院为法院,对社会事件进行审视和评判,《哈姆莱特》中五个方面的法律问题书写,充分说明他在所从事的文学创作中对法律事件和国家利益的关注;其次,《哈姆莱特》的法律书写,是我们理解和审视这部悲剧作品相关问题的重要方面,尤其是理解"哈姆莱特延宕"的重要视角;再次,法律意识是衡量封建范畴的个人复仇与人文主义"重整乾坤"理想的试金石,正是因为哈姆莱特所具有的法律意识,阻碍了他复仇计划的实施。个人复仇与法律正义之间的矛盾是形成哈姆莱特复杂性格的重要因素。

William Shakespeare’s representative tragedy Hamlet involves a large number of legal issues,permeating his thinking on some legal problems,presenting his profound legal cultivation and his deep legal consciousness.Firstly,William Shakespeare,as a writer with a passion for legal writing,used the theatre as a court of law to examine and judge the social events,and the five aspects of legal issues described inHamletillustrate his concern for legal events and the interests of the state in the literary work he was engaged in.Secondly,the legal writing ofHamletis an important aspect of our understanding and examination of the problems associated with this tragic work,and in particular,an important perspective for understanding the so-called"Hamlet’s delay".Finally,legal consciousness is a touchstone for measuring the feudal sphere of individual revenge against the humanist ideal of"rejuvenation".It was Hamlet’s legal consciousness that prevented him from carrying out his revenge plan.The conflict between personal revenge and legal justice is an important factor of Hamlet’s complex character.