作为功能类型的法——富勒自然法理论的方法论反思

Law as a Functional Kind:Reflections on the Methodology of the Natural Law Theory of L.Fuller

与传统自然法理论相比,富勒的自然法理论实现了关注焦点的变化,即从法律的"外在道德"转向"内在道德"。由于在方法论层面过于沉迷于"目的",富勒的自然法理论在提出伊始就遭受"兼容"与"功效"等难题的困扰。然而,从"功能"的方法论视角出发,我们可以为一种更具包容性的富勒式弱自然法命题辩护。由此可见,即使单纯的"内在道德"确实无法完整说明法律的性质,但其背后所蕴含的"作为功能类型的法"观念却揭示了法律与实践理性之间的紧密联系。由此亦可表明法律并非如同实证主义者所认为的那样单单为事实性概念,这将严重动摇法律实证主义所坚持的价值中立的描述性立场。

Comparing to the traditional theories of natural law,the natural law theory of Fuller was concerned with the internal morality of law more than the external morality of law.Due to being indulged deeply into the concept of‘purpose’as the methodology,the natural law theory of Fuller was open to the charges of‘Fusion’,‘Compatibility’and‘Efficiency’problems since its appearance.However we proposed that the more inclusive FWNLT law could be defended from the perspective of‘function’.Even if the internal morality of law singly could not tell us about the whole nature of law,the notion of‘law as a functional kind’revealed a close connection between law and practical reason,thus demonstrating that the concept of law itself was not just a factual one conceived by legal positivists,seriously shaking the value-free descriptive position.