生产方式在历史唯物主义中的“出场”及理论意义

The “Appearance” of Production Mode in Historical Materialism and Its Theoretical Significance

生产方式的提出与历史唯物主义的确立是"同步"的。生产方式"出场"是从马克思"遇到要对所谓物质利益发表意见的难题"开始,解析社会结构后引入生产方式矛盾分析的方法,从哲学、政治学的抽象批判到对直接经验事实的解释与改造,马克思经历了从唯心主义转向人本学唯物主义,再从人本学唯物主义上升为历史唯物主义的理论建构过程。当今资本主义社会在资本构成、劳资关系、意识形态等方面都发生了诸多变化,但其基本矛盾却没有质的改变,马克思创设的生产方式分析框架仍然是剖析社会经济结构、揭示世界形势"隐蔽的基础"的关键,是认识社会、改造世界的重要方法和科学指南。

The proposal of production mode is synchronous with the establishment of historical materialism.The"appearance"of the mode of production started from Marx’s"difficult problem of expressing opinions on the so-called material interests",and then introduced the contradiction analysis of the mode of production in the analysis of social structure,that is,the contradiction between productivity and production relations.It realized the abstract criticism from philosophy and Politics to the interpretation and transformation of direct experience facts,and then found a new social form beyond capitalism state.During this period,Marx’s theoretical methods changed from idealism to humanistic materialism,and then from humanistic materialism to historical materialism,finally laying a mature and scientific theoretical form of Marxism.In today’s capitalist society,many changes have taken place in capital composition,labor relations,ideology,etc.,but the inherent contradictions of the mode of production have not changed qualitatively.The analytical framework of production mode created by Marx is still the key to analyze the social and economic structure and reveal the"hidden foundation"of the world situation.It is still an important method and subject to understand society and transform the world learning guide.