历史上真实的亨利八世与莎剧中时空错乱的戏说

The Real Henry Ⅷ in History and Playful Interpretation of History Through Disturbing Historical Time and Space in Shakespeare’s Play

《亨利八世》是莎士比亚基于英格兰国王亨利八世的生活史,与其所属"国王剧团"年轻同事约翰·弗莱彻合写的一部历史剧。在该剧收入"第一对开本"《莎士比亚戏剧集》(1623年出版)之前,它另有一个剧名《一切都是真的》。剧中不同的文体特征显示出,戏中场景由莎士比亚和弗莱彻分别执笔。在结构上,《亨利八世》明显具有晚期莎剧的某些浪漫特征。此外,在所有莎剧中,该剧的舞台提示最为丰富。但莎剧中的历史只是莎士比亚为舞台演出而写,绝非真实历史。本文详细梳理历史中真实的亨利八世与戏剧中莎士比亚打乱历史时空的戏说。

HenryⅧis a historical drama written by Shakespeare and his young colleague,John Fletcher,from the King’s Men,which is based on the life history of King HenryⅧof England.Before the‘First Folio’of the Complete Shakespeare was published in 1623,it had another title of this play All is True.The different stylistic features in the play showed that the scenes in the play were written by Shakespeare and Fletcher respectively.Structurally,HenryⅧobviously had some romantic features of late Shakespeare.In addition,of all Shakespeare’s plays,this play has the most abundant stage directions.However,the history in Shakespeare’s plays is only for the stage performance but not the fact.This article combs the real HenryⅧin history and Shakespeare’s playful interpretation through disrupting historical time as well as space in the drama.