论列宁对俄国民粹派“小事情理论”的批判与重构

On Lenin’s Criticism and Reconstruction of the Russian Populist “Little Things Theory”

"社会主义日常论"是列宁探索社会主义实现路径的重要观点,它与列宁对民粹派"小事情理论"的认知转换相伴而生,其形成标志是"把社会主义拖进日常生活"主张的提出。"社会主义日常论"体现了列宁辩证地认识社会主义的本质与调动建设者积极性的关系问题,即社会主义的发展并不排斥个人自身利益的满足,坚决反对借社会主义湮没个体利益;同时,在满足个人利益的同时不能背离社会主义方向和原则。列宁在对民粹派"小事情理论"批判的基础上建构出的"社会主义日常论",不仅对列宁时期苏联社会主义的发展、政权的巩固起到了推动作用,而且对我国改革创新体制机制,推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化也具有一定的借鉴意义。

In the process of mastering the logic of capital,Lenin put forward the new thinking on how to develop the socialism—the theory of"Daily Socialism".Its generating context and Lenin’s cognitive transformation to populist"Little Things Theory"go together,and the formation of which is marked by the proposed idea of"Dragging the socialism into daily life".The theory of"Daily Socialism"shows that he dialectically solved the relationship between the essence of socialism and mobilizing the enthusiasm of builders,that is the development of socialism does not exclude the satisfaction of individual’s own interests,and should resolutely oppose annihilating individual interests under the excuse of developing socialism.At the same time,while satisfying individual interests,we must not deviate from the socialist direction and principles.The theory of"Daily Socialism"constructed by Lenin on the basis of criticizing to populist"Little Things Theory"not only promote the development of the Soviet Union socialism and the consolidation of the regime during the Lenin’s time,but also can be used for reference to China’s reforming and innovating systems and mechanisms in order to modernize China’s governance system and capacity.