岳麓秦令行戍制度新探

A New Exploration on the Garrison System as Seen from the Qin Bamboo Slips of Yuelu Academy

岳麓秦简(四)中的三条戍律对睡虎地秦简发现的一条戍律有重大补充。新公布的岳麓秦令(七)中的条文则说明了新地行戍、因罪罚戍、诊病残疾、戍役种类、傅籍之年、逋欠租税罚戍、行戍罚则、负志之罪等秦代行戍制度的全貌。秦代戍律与戍令当为密不可分的一个整体。秦统一六国后,随着秦疆域的不断扩大,交通变得险阻,更戍与谪戍的差别逐渐混同,秦代行戍制度人力资源调控失当应是秦亡的主因之一,并得到岳麓秦简的明确证明。这为我们全面了解秦代的行戍制度提供了新证。

The three garrison laws on Qin Bamboo Slip(4)in the collection of the Yuelu Academy form an important supplement to the one garrison law found in on bamboo slips from Shuihudi.The articles on the newly published Bamboo Slip(7)of the Yuelu Academy reflect and explain the whole landscape of the garrison system in the new land,punishment for crimes,diagnosis of diseases and disabilities,types of garrison,years of service,penalties for unpaid taxes,crimes of negative will,etc.Garrison laws and garrison orders in the Qin Dynasty should be inseparable as a whole.After the unification of the six states,with the expansion of the territory of Qin,the traffic was obstructed,and the difference between the renewed garrison and the banished garrison was gradually confused.The improper control of the human resources of the garrison system in the Qin Dynasty should be one of the main reasons for the fall of the Qin Dynasty,which is clearly proved by the Qin bamboo slips of the Yuelu Academy.This provides new evidence for us to fully understand the garrison system of the Qin Dynasty.