秦汉简牍官文书分类研究概述

An Overview of the Classification of Official Documents on Bamboo and Wooden Slips of the Qin and Han Dynasties

20世纪以来我国甘肃、内蒙古、湖南、湖北等地出土了大量官文书性质的简牍,是研究秦汉政治经济、历史文化、文书制度的重要史料。我们将20世纪以来近百年的简牍官文书研究,归纳为简文内容和性质为主的分类开创期、古文书学分类法和简牍集成探索期、简牍文书学成熟与简册复原发展期三个阶段进行简述。未来的简牍文书分类应该在坚持科学分类的原则下更加注重分类的体系性,重视简牍缀合,重视简牍编联与集成。

Since the beginning of the 20th century,a large number of bamboo and wooden slips with the nature of official documents have been unearthed in Gansu,Inner Mongolia,Hunan and Hubei provinces,which are important historical materials for studying the politics and economy,history and culture,and the system of official documents of the Qin and Han dynasties.The authors summarize the studies of official documents of bamboo and wooden slips in the past 100 years into three phases:the pioneering phase of classification based on the contents of the bamboo and wooden slips,the exploration phase of ancient document taxonomy and integration of bamboo and wooden slips,and the development phase marked by the maturity of bamboo and wooden slip paleography and the restoration of bamboo and wooden slips.Classification of documents on bamboo and wooden slips in the future should,with the principle of adhering to scientific classification,pay more attention to systematic scientific classification,focus on the combination of bamboo and wooden slips,and attach importance to their compilation and integration.