马王堆一号汉墓竹笥上红色麻绳研究及科技分析

Research on and Technical Analysis of the Red Hemp Twine on the Bamboo Chest from Han Tomb 1 at Mawangdui

本文对马王堆一号汉墓边厢出土竹笥上的红色麻绳,以及楚、汉遗存出土麻绳进行了系统整理,并使用SEM、LRS、XRF和XRD等科技手段对麻绳的宏观和微观形貌、染色剂成分及次生产物进行科技分析研究。麻绳由苘麻制成,并以赤铁矿(Fe_(2)O_(3))和朱砂(HgS)复染呈红色,麻绳上附着的灰蓝色团块为次生矿物蓝铁矿,蓝铁矿形成所需的磷来自于竹笥内食材骨骼析出,铁则直接来自赤铁矿制成的染色剂,不存在蓝色染料染制的麻绳。使用经染色处理的红色麻绳对陪葬物进行仔细封装的行为或许反映对葬礼的重视,这些红色麻绳是否具有象征寓意甚至精神内涵还需谨慎讨论。

This paper systematically studies the red hemp twine on the bamboo chest unearthed from the side compartment of Han Tomb 1 at Mawangdui and hemp twines unearthed from Chu and Han sites.Such technical methods as SEM,LRS,XRF and XRD have been used to scientifically analyze the macroscopic and microscopic morphology,staining composition and secondary products of the hemp twine.The twine is made of abutilon theophrasti and dyed red with hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3))and cinnabar(HgS)while the gray-blue mass attached to the twine is secondary mineral cyanite,whose phosphorus comes from the bones of food materials contained in the bamboo chest and iron comes directly from the hematite dye,so there is no“blue”hemp twine.The use of dyed red twine to carefully encapsulate burial objects may reflect the importance attached to funerals,but whether the red twine has symbolic or even spiritual connotations remains to be discussed with caution.