秦邑与汧渭之会地望探析

Exploring the Locality of the Capital of the Qin State and the Confluence of the Qian and Wei Rivers

“汧渭之会”是秦国早期进入关中西部的重要都邑之一,对其所在位置的研究一直以来是专家学者探讨的焦点问题。本文依据文献资料并结合田野实地调查和新的考古发现,从其所处地理环境、文化背景及都邑属性等方面深入分析,认为“汧渭之会”与“秦邑”有着极为密切的相互依存关系,经考证“秦邑”就在今凤翔县孙家南头村;“汧渭之会”不是独立意义上的都城,它是根据汧河下游狭长地理特征,从西岸向东岸逐步扩充发展的由宫殿建筑群形成的居守单位,而且“汧渭之会”就在距离“秦邑”以南的不远处。

“Confluence of the Qian and Wei Rivers”is an important capital of the early Qin State when it entered the western part of the Guanzhong area,but its exact locality has remained a focal issue for the exploration of experts and scholars.Based on existing literature and in combination with on-the-spot investigation and new archaeological findings,this paper offers an in-depth analysis of the place from the perspectives of geographical environment,cultural background and the properties of a capital,and believes that there exists a highly close mutual reliance relationship between the“Confluence of the Qian and Wei Rivers”and the“Capital of the Qin State”and that the latter is proven to be located in the Sunjianantou Village of the present-day Fengxiang County.“Confluence of the Qian and Wei Rivers”is not a capital in its own sense;rather,it is a unit for living and defense formed by palace complexes that are gradually expanded from the west bank to the east bank in accordance with the long and narrow landform of the lower Qian River.And the“Confluence of the Qian and Wei Rivers”isn’t far from the south of the“Capital of the Qin State”.