汉代楚(彭城)国葬玉研究

Research on Funerary Jade Wares of Chu(Pengcheng) Kingdom of the Han Dynasty

江苏徐州秦汉之际为王九郡的西楚霸王项羽的都城,其附近区域西汉被封为楚国,东汉被封为彭城国。作为两汉诸侯国都城的彭城周围,考古发掘了数量众多的汉代陵墓,出土了种类、质地异常丰富的随葬品。出土的大量玉器是其特色之一,其中又以葬玉引人注目。葬玉的类别有玉璧、玉衣、玉棺、玉覆面、玉枕、玉席、玉握、玉窍塞、足玉和玉印等,是出土汉代葬玉数量最多、类别最全的诸侯王国。这些葬玉是研究汉代诸侯国乃至汉代葬玉制度的重要考古资料。

The city of Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province was the capital of the nine prefectures ruled by Xiang Yu–Overlord of Western Chu–in the transition of the Qin dynasty to the Han dynasty,and its nearby area was enfeoffed as the Chu Kingdom in the Western Han dynasty and as Pengcheng Kingdom in the Eastern Han dynasty.In the periphery of Pengcheng–the capital of a vassal kingdom in the two Han dynasties,archaeologists have found a large number of Han mausoleums and unearthed a great variety of burial objects of different materials.One characteristic of these burial objects is the great number of jade wares,the most attractive of which are the funerary jade wares.These include jade disks,jade suits,jade coffins,jade masks,jade pillows,jade mats,jade hand-grips,jade stops for the human apertures,jade foot ware and jade seals.These have made Pengcheng the vassal kingdom with the largest number and greatest variety of funerary jade wares of the Han dynasty.They are important archaeological materials for the study of funerary jade ware system of the vassal kingdoms and even the Han dynasty.