用俎之制——从楚系墓葬出土漆木家具谈起

The Sacrificial Vessel Zu——A Case Study of The Lacquer Wood Furniture Unearthed from Chu Tombs

先秦时期家具本身尚处于初期发展阶段,一种家具往往作多种用途,一物多用,家具不单只作为生活用具而存在,其形制和组合兼具礼器功能,具有深刻的社会内涵,楚系漆木家具就是这类兼具重要礼器功能的器具,其中尤以漆木俎最具代表性。俎属置物类家具,也为重要的礼器,它是先秦贵族祭祀、宴享时陈载牲体的器具,用于各种礼仪活动,是为礼俎。本文拟对楚系漆木俎的出土地点、形制与称谓,以及使用、组合与礼制等问题进行探讨,以求正于大家。

In the pre-Qin period,one kind of furniture,not only as utensils for daily life,was often used for many purposes because the furniture itself was still in the initial stage of development.Furthermore,the form and combination of furniture have both sacrificial function and profound social connotation.It can be said that lacquer wood furniture of Chu is such a kind of furniture with important sacrificial function,especially lacquer wooden zu.Generally speaking,zu is a kind of furniture on which objects could be placed,but it is also an important sacrificial vessel.It is a kind of sacrificial device on which slaughtered livestock are sacrificed by the nobles in the pre-Qin period during various ceremonial activities,which is called sacrificial zu.This paper discusses the locations at the time of excavation,shapes and names of the Chu lacquer wooden zu as well as its usage,combination and sacrificial rules.