西汉玉猪握形制及尺寸考

The Shape and Size of Western Han Pig-shaped Jade Shouwo

西汉中期以后,猪形手握逐渐占主导地位。本文以西汉玉猪握为切入点,将其分为A、B、C三型。其中B型(典型)在西汉时期完成了从具象到抽象的演化,在西汉晚期至新莽,形成了较为固定的形制,并延续至东汉。分析了西汉玉猪握流行原因:大地主土地所有制的兴起、养猪业的繁荣、丧葬观念的变革。此外,立足于文献记载及实物数据,我们对西汉玉猪握的尺寸进行了初步探讨:认为其长度具有一定规律性,以五寸左右为主,四寸左右次之。

Pig-shaped jade shouwo(objects held in the hands of the deceased)gradually gained a dominant position after the middle of the Western Han Dynasty.This paper,focusing on Western Han pig-shaped jade shouwo,divides such objects into the three types of A,B and C.Among them,type B completed its evolution from concrete representation to abstraction during the Western Han Dynasty and,from late Western Han Dynasty to the Wangmang Era,formed its relatively fixed shape that continued to the Eastern Han Dynasty.The paper attributes the popularity of such pig-shaped jade shouwo to the following reasons:the emergence of land ownership by landlords,the prosperity of pig husbandry,and the change in funerary concepts.Furthermore,a preliminary exploration of their size is carried out on the basis of historical documents and real-object data.It is believed that their length shows certain regularity:those about five cun long are the most numerous,followed by those about four cun long.