新中国死刑制度的形成、发展与完善

The Formation,Development and Improvement of the Death Penalty System in New China

随着社会政治、经济形势的变化,新中国的死刑制度经历了一个曲折的发展过程。虽然废除死刑的条件尚不成熟,但刑法修正案在限制死刑的适用上,已经迈出了可喜的一步。由于死刑的适用条件没有发生变化,我国死刑制度的改革还属于碎片式的。完善我国的死刑制度,首当其冲要进一步明确死刑的适用条件,可以建议将死刑的适用条件明确为"死刑只适用于犯故意杀人、故意伤害罪,致人死亡或者以特别残忍手段致人重伤造成严重残疾,情节恶劣的犯罪分子";革除具有制度性缺陷的"死缓制度";通过立法技术,取消部分加重处罚情节,以减少死刑罪名。

With changes in the social,political and economic situation,the death penalty system in New China has undergone a tortuous development process.Although the conditions for the abolition of the death penalty are still immature,the Criminal Law Amendment has taken a sound step in restricting the application of the death penalty.As the application conditions of death penalty have not changed,the reform of China’s death penalty system is still fragmented.To improve China’s death penalty system,first of all,it is necessary to further clarify the conditions for the application of death penalty.It can be suggested that the conditions for the application of death penalty should be defined as"the death penalty should only be applied to criminals who commit the crime of intentional homicide or intentional injury,causing death to others or injuring others by especially cruel methods seriously and causing serious disability to others,with bad circumstances".Secondly,it is necessary to get rid of the"reprieve system of death penalty"with institutional defects,and finally,by means of legislative technology,part of aggravating punishment circumstances should be canceled to reduce death penalty charges.