风险共担:重性精神病人的有效治理及内在逻辑——以Y市公安局“三三”工作法为例

Risk Sharing:Effective Management and Internal Logic of Patients with Severe Mental Illness——Taking the"Three-Three"Working Method of Y City Public Security Bureau as an Example

重性精神病人肇事肇祸行为是基层社会治理的难点问题。传统的治理方式主要强调风险自担,导致重性精神病人违法犯罪案件频发,带来诸多"治理危机"。Y市公安局通过制度设计提出"三三"工作法,发起各相关治理主体共负责任,共担风险,形成治理合力,实现治安风险源头治理。主要通过"依附"权力结构,"嵌入"行政组织,"吸纳"社会力量,共担重性精神病人治理的政治风险、组织风险和社会风险,形成重性精神病人有效治理,对于新时代多元共治和加强社区治理体系建设具有重要的价值。由于政治、制度和社会背景变化以及资源约束等方面影响使得"三三"工作法仍有较大提升空间。

The risk behavior of patients with severe mental illness is a key issue in social governance at the preliminary level.The traditional way mainly emphasizes the assumption of risks,which leads to frequent occurrence of criminal cases of patients with severe mental illness and brings about many"governance crises".Y public security bureau puts forward the"three-three"working method through system design,initiates relevant governance subjects to share the responsibility and risk,so as to form the governance joint force and to realize the source control of public security risk.This theory mainly adopts"dependence"on the power structure,"embedded"in administrative organizations,"absorbed"social forces to share the political,organizational and social risks in the governance of patients with severe mental illness.It forms the effective governance of patients with severe mental illness,which is of great value to the new era of multiple co-governance and strengthening the community governance system.As a result of political,institutional and social background changes and resource constraints,the"three three"working method still has much room for improvement.