斯里兰卡高等教育的发展历程、现状与趋势

Development Course,Present Situation and Trend of Higher Education in Sri Lanka

斯里兰卡高等教育的发展经历了封建王国时期的萌生、殖民地时期现代高等教育体系的初创、独立后期的自主探索以及21世纪的多元化发展等四个阶段。目前,斯里兰卡高等教育主要面临三个问题:高校匮乏,出国留学成常态;人才培养与市场需求脱节,大学毕业生失业率高;私立高等教育机构缺乏监管,质量参差不齐。当代斯里兰卡高等教育的发展趋势为:以国家主导,推进高等教育市场化改革;扩大入学率,推进高等教育大众化进程;以技术教育为先导,构建高等教育创新体系。

The development of Sri Lanka’s higher education has gone through four stages: the initiation of the feudal kingdom, the establishment of the modern higher education system in the colonial period, the independent exploration in the later period of independence and the diversified development in the 21 st century. At present, the higher education in Sri Langka mainly faces three problems: The lack of institutions of higher learning, studying abroad has become a norm;Talent training is out of line with market demand, and the unemployment rate of college graduates is high;Private higher education institutions are poorly regulated and of uneven quality. The development trend of contemporary higher education in Sri Lanka is as follows: promoting the market-oriented reform by the state, enlarging the enrollment and promoting its popularization, taking technical education as the guide, constructing the innovation system of higher education.