追溯动物克隆的历史:一个跨世纪的问与答

History of nuclear transfer: answering a hypothesis raised a century ago

1996年世界第一只体细胞克隆羊多莉在英国出生。多莉的出生不仅立刻吸引了全球的关注,因为有可能开创一个细胞生物学和生物医学的新时代,而且也可能重新定义生命科学。更重要的是100多年前由August Weissmann提出的假说终于得到了解决并且有了完美的结论,即对所有的物种而言,从受精卵到分化了的细胞的所有细胞都应该具有相同的基因,它们也都转变胚胎的原始状态。在本篇综述中追溯了核移植从19世纪末到多莉这100多年的历史,并简单介绍了核移植发展中重要的里程碑以及那些为核移植理论做出伟大贡献的杰出科学家,其中包括两位诺贝尔奖获得者。

In 1996 Dolly,the first sheep cloned from an adult somatic cell in the world,was born in the UK.The birth of this sheep not only immediately attracted global attentions as she would pave a potential path for a new era in cell biology and biomedical research,but also would capture a significant redefinition of the life sciences.More importantly,the hypothesis raised by August Weissmann a century ago was eventually resolved and perfectly concluded,namely cells from zygote to differentiated cells in all species including mammals should contain the same set of genes and all the cells should potentially be capable of returning to totipotent statue.In this review we intend to recall the history of nuclear transfer starting from the later of 19 th century up to the birth of Dolly in1996 covering more than a century.Additionally,we briefly introduce important milestones of nuclear transfer and those eminent scientists behind them including two Noble laureates,who made great contributions to the understanding of nuclear transfer during the period of the century.