2020—2021年度南京市医学院校大学生烟草危害及认知程度的影响因素研究

Investigation on influencing factors of tobacco hazard and cognition degree among medical college students in Nanjing from 2020 to 2021

目的了解南京市医学院校大学生对烟草使用、暴露、危害情况及对禁烟控烟措施的知晓程度和态度,并分析其影响因素,以期对控烟措施制定实施和健康教育方式改进提供参考。方法以调查问卷形式于2020年7月5日至8月5日选取南京市医学专业大学生1200人为调查对象,就烟草和二手烟使用情况、对人体危害情况、对禁烟控烟措施的了解程度和态度开展调查。结果获得有效问卷1183份。其中现在吸烟人数154人,现在吸烟率为13.02%(154/1183);中医学专业吸烟率最低,为4.38%(7/160),且各专业间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。学校(室内)的二手烟暴露率为74.47%(881/1183),高于家庭(室内)[72.19%(854/1183)],低于公共场所(室内)[89.77%(1062/1183)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=129.508,P<0.01)。对于烟草危害的知晓率,中医学相比临床医学等专业总体了解程度最深。医学院校学生总体对禁烟控烟态度支持,但对于现有控烟政策了解程度低,专业间基本无明显差异。结论本次调查的医学院校大学生现在吸烟率在全国属较高水平,烟草危害认知程度较高,禁烟控烟态度积极,且与专业类别相关。中医学专业相比其他医学专业吸烟率低,危害知晓率高,总体情况较好,建议通过中医药知识宣传和普及来减少烟草流行。

Objective To understand the use,exposure and harm of tobacco and the degree and attitude of tobacco control measures among medical college students in Nanjing,and to analyze the influencing factors,in order to provide provide reference for the formulation and implementation of tobacco control measures and the improvement of health education methods of national and local governments.Methods From July 5,2020 to August 5,2020,1200 medical college students in Nanjing were chosen,and the questionnaires survey was conducted to investigate the use of tobacco and second-hand smoke,the harm to human body,the understanding of tobacco control measures and their attitudes.SPSS 26.0 was used forχ^(2)test.Results 1183 valid questionnaires were obtained.Among them,the current number of smokers was 154,with a smoking rate of 13.02%(154/1183).The lowest smoking rate was found in the field of traditional Chinese medicine at 4.38%(7/160),and there were significant differences between professions(P<0.01).The secondhand smoke exposure rate in schools(indoor)was 74.47%(881/1183),higher than that in homes(indoor)at 72.19%(854/1183),but lower than that in public places(indoor)at 89.77%(1062/1183),and these differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=129.508,P<0.01);For the awareness rate of tobacco harm,the overall understanding degree of TCM was the deepest compared with clinical medicine;The general attitude of smoking control measures was supportive but the understanding level was low and there was no significant difference between majors.Conclusion At present,the smoking rate of the medical college students in Nanjingis at a high level in the country,the awareness of tobacco hazards is high,and the attitude towards smoking control is positive,all of which are related to professional categories.Compared with other medical specialties,the smoking rate of traditional Chinese medicine is lower and the awareness rate of harm is higher.It is suggested to reduce the prevalence of smoking through the publicity and popularization of TCM knowledge.