归因于大气PM_(2.5)的冠心病所致某市人群健康损失

People health loss in a certain city due to coronary heart disease caused by atmospheric particulate matter PM_(2.5)

目的评价某市近10年来归因于大气PM_(2.5)的冠心病所致该市人群的健康损失。方法收集2011—2020年某市大气PM_(2.5)浓度及居民冠心病死亡资料,计算冠心病所致的早死寿命损失年,分析大气PM_(2.5)短期暴露及长期效应,并评估PM_(2.5)在国家一级标准(15μg/m^(3))时的冠心病患者健康改善情况。结果2011—2020年该市因PM_(2.5)所致的全人群冠心病死亡人数从2011年的747例上升到2020年的890例,增加了19.14%;归因于PM_(2.5)所致冠心病的寿命损失为106840.48人年。2011—2020年该市归因于PM_(2.5)的冠心病对人均期望寿命的损失是0.20岁,男性为0.29岁,女性为0.12岁,男性是女性的2.42倍。按照《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)一级标准(大气PM_(2.5)年平均为15μg/m^(3))的水平进行调整,该市冠心病近10年可以减少4375例死亡,寿命损失年可以减少49001.61人年,期望寿命可以提高0.09岁。结论2011—2020年冠心病对该市居民造成一定的健康损失,降低PM_(2.5)浓度后当地居民可获得良好的健康收益,提示PM_(2.5)浓度降低可延缓该市心血管疾病死亡率的增加。

Objective To understand the health loss of people in a certain city due to coronary heart disease caused by atmospheric particulate matter PM_(2.5)in recent ten years.Methods The data of atmospheric particulate matter PM_(2.5)from 2011 to 2020 and the death data of coronary heart disease of the residents were collected,and the years of early life lost(YLL)caused by coronary heart disease was calculated,the short-term exposure and long-term effects of atmospheric particulates was analyzed,and the health improvement of patients with coronary heart disease under the first level national standard of PM_(2.5)(μg/m^(3))was evaluated.Results In recent ten years,the total number of coronary heart disease deaths caused by PM_(2.5)increased from 747 in 2011 to 890 in 2020,with an increase of 19.14%.The life loss of coronary heart disease caused by PM_(2.5)in recent ten years was 106840.48 YLLs.From 2011 to 2020,the average life expectancy loss of coronary heart disease attributed to PM_(2.5)in the city was 0.20 years,0.29 years for men and 0.12 years for women,and for Men it was 2.42 times of women.According to the first level standard of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard,the annual average atmospheric PM_(2.5)was 15 by adjusting the level ofμg/m^(3),4375 deaths of coronary heart disease in the city in recent 10 years could be reduced,49001.61 YLLs could be reduced,and life expectancy could be increased by 0.09 years.Conclusion Coronary heart disease can lead to serious health loss in local residents,and the residents in this city can obtain good health benefits after reducing the concentration of PM_(2.5),which indicates that the reduction of PM_(2.5)concentration may decrease the cardiovascular disease mortality in our city.