江苏省天然温泉场所水中微生物调查

Contamination of bacteria in water of natural thermal springs in Jiangsu Province,China

目的了解江苏省天然温泉场所温泉水中微生物污染现况、分布特征及其影响因素,探讨温泉水微生物污染的控制措施。方法于2021年调查江苏省4市8家温泉场所基本情况,检测温泉水中6种微生物的污染情况和分布特征,鉴定异养菌的细菌种群,分析理化因素、消毒措施、管理措施对微生物超标的影响。结果温泉水中菌落总数、异养菌、大肠杆菌、耐热大肠菌群、嗜肺军团菌、铜绿假单胞菌合格率或阳性率分别为86.5%、35.1%、83.8%、13.5%、8.1%、24.3%,异养菌鉴定出6个菌属;室内温泉池中菌落总数高于其它场所(χ^(2)=12.838,P<0.05),总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、军团菌仅在室内温泉池和室外温泉池有超标,异养菌和铜绿假单胞菌在所有水体均超标;水温和池水循环使用对微生物超标均有影响,水温≥40℃时菌落总数、异养菌、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群合格率升高(χ^(2)分别为4.912、4.609、6.098、4.912,P<0.05),循环使用的温泉水菌落总数和嗜肺军团菌合格率降低(χ^(2)分别为5.025、3.909,P<0.05)。结论温泉场所水中微生物存在不同程度超标现象,建议对温泉水采用适宜的消毒措施,控制温泉水更换频率,将温泉场所纳入公共场所卫生监管范畴。

Objective To study the contamination status,distribution characteristics and influence factors of microbial pollution in thermal springs in Jiangsu province,China.Methods Field surveys were performed of eight natural thermal springs in four cities.Uniform questionnaires were used,total bacterial count,heterotrophic,E.coli,thermotolerant coliforms,Legionella pneumophila as well as pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in water samples.Results The positive rate or standard rate of total bacterial count,heterotrophic,E.coli,thermotolerant coliforms,Legionella pneumophila as well as pseudomonas aeruginosa were 86.5%,35.1%,83.8%,13.5%,8.1%and 24.3%respectively.More than six strains of heterotrophic bacteria were identified from the sample.The total bacterial count in indoor hot spring pool was higher than that in other places(χ^(2)=12.838,P<0.05).E.coli,thermotolerant coliforms and Legionella only exceeded the standard in indoor and outdoor hot spring pool,heterotrophic and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found in all water bodies.Water temperature and the circulation of pool water had an effect on the microbial contamination.There were statistically significant difference between the high temperature(≥40℃)and the low temperature in total bacterial,Heterotrophic,E.coli and thermotolerant coliforms(χ^(2)=4.912,4.609,6.098 and 4.912 respectively,P<0.05).The positive rates of total bacterial count and Legionella pneumophila increased in recycled water(χ^(2)=5.025,3.909,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion The pollution of contamination of bacteria in thermal springs was considered to be quite serious.Control of bacteria in thermal springs is accomplished by proper treatment,including the application of disinfectants,ensuring a constant circulation of water and supervising of public hygienic.