2015—2017年百色德保县农村环境卫生调查

Rural environmental sanitation in Debao county of Baise,Guangxi in 2015-2017

目的了解德保县农村环境卫生现状。方法于2015—2017年7—8月,共选取德保县11个乡60个村300户农户家庭和12所中学、14所小学对环境卫生情况进行调查。结果监测村污水处理率为1.67%(1/60);卫生厕所普及率为96.87%,从2015年的95.53%上升到2017年的98.09%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);农村卫生厕所以三格式为主,占91.33%(274/292)。60份农田土壤蛔虫检出率为16.67%,镉超标率为73.33%,砷超标率为30%。26所学校均为集中式供水,采用桶装水或净水器的占42.3%,以村镇水厂供水方式为主,占53.84%,学校自备集中式供水水厂未处理率为75%,卫生厕所普及率为95.65%。结论本次调查的德保县地区垃圾和污水处理率较低,农田的重金属污染应引起重视,环境卫生状况及农村学校供水设施仍需进一步改善。

Objective To understand the current situation of rural environmental sanitation in Debao county of Baise in Guangxi. Methods From July to August in 2015-2017,300 rural households,12 middle schools,14 primary schools in 11 townships and 60 villages in Debao county were selected for sanitation investigation. Results In the monitored villages,the treatment rate of sewage was 1.67%(1/60);The popularization rate of sanitary toilets was 96.87%,which increased from 95.53%in 2015 to 98.09% in 2017 with significant difference(P<0.05);Three-cell latrines were widely established and accounted for91.33%.In 60 samples of farmland soil,the detection rate of ascaris eggs,over standard rates of cadmium and arsenic were16.67%,73.33% and 30% respectively.In 26 investigated schools supplied with centralized water supply system,the ratio of the application of barrelled water and water purifier,water supplying by water works of villages or townships,self-supplying centralized water supply systems without treatment,popularization of sanitary toilets were 42.3%,53.84%,75% and 95.65%respectively. Conclusion The lower treatment rate of garbage and sewage and contamination by heavy metals in farmland soils in the investigated areas in Debao county should be paid more attention to.Environmental sanitation and water supply facilities in rural schools still need to be further improved.