天津市急性呼吸道感染住院患儿非细菌性病原体感染及与空气质量关系的初步研究

Prevalence of common non-bacterial pathogens infection among hospitalized children with acuterespiratory infection in Tianjin and its relationship with air quality

目的分析天津市急性呼吸道感染住院患儿常见非细菌性病原体的流行情况,并探讨其与空气质量的关系。方法采用间接免疫荧光法,对2016年3月至2018年2月天津市儿童医院收治入院的35768例急性呼吸道感染患儿进行9种非细菌性呼吸道病原体检测,分析检出率最高的前3位病原体的流行情况,并探讨其与空气质量的关系。结果检出率最高的前3位病原体分别为肺炎支原体(22.22%,7946/35768)、乙型流感病毒(2.11%,756/35768)及副流感病毒(1.45%,519/35768);其他6种病原体检出率均低于1%,依次为腺病毒(0.61%)、呼吸道合胞病毒(0.58%)、嗜肺军团菌(0.45%)、肺炎衣原体(0.14%)、Q热立克次体(0.09%)及甲型流感病毒(0.02%)。急性呼吸道感染患儿的住院病例数与PM2.5、SO2、NO2、CO呈正相关,乙型流感病毒检出率与NO2、SO2呈正相关,均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其他指标间均无线性相关关系(P>0.05)。结论本次调查的天津市急性呼吸道感染住院患儿的主要非细菌性病原体为肺炎支原体,其次为乙型流感病毒和副流感病毒;患儿总例数及乙型流感病毒检出率均与空气质量相关。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of common non-bacterial pathogens infection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin,and to explore its relationship with air quality.Methods Indirect immunofluorescence method was used to detect nine non-bacterial respiratory pathogens in 35768 hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin Children’s Hospital from March 2016 to February 2018.Prevalence of the first three pathogens with the highest detection rates and their relationship with air quality were analyzed in detail.Results The first three pathogens with the highest detection rate were Mycoplasma pneumoniae(22.22%,7946/35768),influenza B virus(2.11%,756/35768)and parainfluenza virus(1.45%,519/35768),while detection rates of the other pathogens were less than 1%,the descending order of which was the adenovirus(0.61%),respiratory syncytial virus(0.58%),Legionella pneumophila(0.45%),Chlamydia pneumoniae(0.14%),Q rickettsia(0.09%)and influenza A virus(0.02%).The hospital admission of children with acute respiratory infection was positively associated with the concentrations of PM2.5,SO2,NO2 and CO(P<0.05),the detection rate of influenza B virus was positively correlated with the concentrations of NO2 and SO2(P<0.05),the detection rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and parainfluenza virus had no linear correlation with the concentrations of air pollutants(P>0.05).Conclusion The main non-bacterial pathogens of the investigated hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin were Mycoplasma pneumoniae,influenza B virus and parainfluenza virus.The hospital admission of children with acute respiratory infection and the detection rate of influenza B virus are closely related to air quality.